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Quality Assessment of Bush Bean (phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Seeds Using the Controlled Deterioration Technique

Mohammad R. Reza
Horticulture Laboratory, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

T.M.T. Iqbal
Horticulture Laboratory, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

Souvic Sarker
Horticulture Laboratory, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A three-factor experiment was set at the Horticulture Laboratory, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur during April-May 2014 to study the effects of the controlled deterioration (CD) on the bush bean seeds at the constant temperature of 35^o C. The 3 factors considered were: two bush bean varieties; four ageing periods (0, 4, 8, and 16 days); and three seed moisture contents (12, 16 and 20% moisture content). The twenty four treatment combinations compared in the Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with the three replications for the eight parameters were: % germination, % abnormal seedlings, % dead seeds, % soil emergence and seedling evaluation test for the root and shoot lengths as well as their dry matter contents. Identical prototypes of notable (5-1% level) degradations were recorded everywhere. But the disparities were clear under the extreme stresses. Moreover, highly noteworthy (1% level) relations were traced amid all the traits ranging from -0.466 (seed dry matter x abnormal seedling) to 0.983 (normal seedling x root length). The controlled deterioration technique was very effectual in judging the physiological statuses of the varieties studied. Thus, the germination test might be add-on by a vigour test. The latter of which could be assessed by quantifying the seedlings’ root and shoot lengths and/or their dry matter accumulations. Moreover, in the seed quality certification, the suitable limits of vigour for the chosen traits could also be got by this technique. But the seeds of several bush bean varieties should be exploited to fix-up the agreeable limits of the traits. In addition to that, the variety BB₁ could also be used in hybridization program as a parent to have better seeds of inherent quality. Finally, to shorten time, the ageing epoch could also be condensed by elevating the seed moisture contents to a certain stage.

Keywords: Bush bean, Deterioration technique, Seed germination, Seed quality

Location: Department of Horticulture, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur

Start Date: 00-04-2014

End Date: 00-05-2014

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Bush bean

Objectives:

1.To investigate some of the significant effects of two cvs. of bush bean seeds

2.To relate the findings with the standard germination test; considered as the legal basis of seed quality certification program

3.To assess the inherent seed quality of both the two cvs. for breeding purposes for the development of high quality bush bean varieties.

Methodology:

The experiment was set-up at the Laboratory of the Department of Horticulture, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur. The experimentation was carried out from April - May, 2014. Two varieties of bush bean seeds were procured from the Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Thakurgaon. The varieties were BARI Bush Bean 1 (BB₁) and BARI Bush Bean 2 (BB₂). At the beginning of the experimentation, the following twelve selective traits of the two bush bean varieties were measured to have their comparative worktable mark information. Initial moisture content (% fresh wt. basis ) 10 and 10; Thousands seed weights(g) 238.43 and 205.56; Percent germination(paper towel)- Normal seedlings (%) 90 and 89, Abnormal seedlings (%) 5 and 6, Dead Seeds(%) 5 and 5 ,Shoot length (cm) 26.13 and 22.52, Root length(cm) 10.1 and 9.17, Shoot dry matter (g/100 seedlings) 6.74 and 6.47, Root dry matter (g/100 seedlings) 1.89 and 1.54 respectively for BB₁ and BB₂. The Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications was used. The three factors and their levels judged in the study were as varieties: BB₁ and BB₂; Seed moisture contents (MC):12, 16 and 20%; and ageing periods (AP): 0, 4, 8 and 16 days. The three factors and their levels to be judged in the study were as Varieties (2) BB₁ and BB₂, Seed moisture contents (%) 12, 16 and 20; Ageing periods (days) 0, 4,8 and 16. There were 24 treatment combinations. BB₁ had 12 treatment combinations i.e. TC₁ to TC₁₂ and BB₂ were 12 i.e. TC₁₃ to TC₂₄. TC₁ had one moisture content i.e. 12% and four ageing period i.e. 0, 4, 8 and 16 similar to TC₂ as well as TC₂₄. - For both the standard germination and the soil emergence tests, randomly selected 100 seeds per replication were used. The following tests were exploited for that purpose A) Standard germination (4-ply rolled paper towel method) for-Normal seedlings (percent germination) and Abnormal seedlings (percent) and Dead seeds (percent decayed) B) Soil emergence (in seed-flat containing sterilized coarse sand) and C) Seedling evaluation test (with 7 days old normal seedlings taking from the standard germination test accompanied) for: Length of the root (per seedling), Length of the shoot (per seedling), Dry matter of the root (per 100 seedlings basis) and Dry matter of the shoot (per 100 seedlings basis) and D) All the above eight parameters were also correlated with one another. - The rolled paper towel method was used for it. In each towel 25 seeds were set centrally lengthwise 2cm apart from one another and then rolled loosely as required. The towels were then also tied loosely with a piece of thread. Those were set on a plastic tray in the upright direction. The tray was kept on the table at the room temperature. Light watering was done as required with a plastic jet bottle. After 7days, the seedlings were evaluated according to ISTA. For that, data were collected for normal seedlings, abnormal seedlings and dead seeds. The results were then converted to the percentage and the converted values were exploited for the statistical analyses. The soil emergence test was conducted using the heat sterilized coarse sand as the substratum. The particulars of that were as follows: Sufficient coarse sand was sieved to avoid all the organic substances, and soil particles > 0.8 and < 0.05mm in diameter. The sieved sand was sterilized in the electric oven running at 100^oC for 24hours. Later on, the sand was cooled down. A rectangular wooden seed flat (0.5 × 0.5 × 0.15M) was filled in with the sterilized sand. Then the seeds were inserted in the sand 5 × 5cm apart in all the directions and also at the depth of 5cm. In that way 100 seeds were placed in each seed flat for each replication. Light watering was done as needed with a plastic jet bottle (250ml). After 7 days of setting, the emergence was recorded. The result was expressed as the percentage and the transformed values were used for the statistical analyses.For that, the normal seedlings obtained from the standard germination test were used. Then the root and shoot lengths, and their dry matters were measured. Firstly, the normal seedlings were selected. The seed residues were separated from the seedlings with a sharp knife. Roots and shoots were also separated, spread on a table and waited to wither for two hours to facilitate the measurement of the roots and shoots with a 30cm plastic scale. The roots and the shoots were then taken separately in 50ml beakers and lastly dried in the electric oven at the constant temperature of 85^oC for 48 hours. Finally, those were weighed and expressed on the 100-seedling basis for the statistical analyses. The results were calculated using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) while the paired means were compared using the ‘T’ test. In addition, the simple correlation was studied. The MSTAT-C package was exploited for that.

Source of Information: International Journal of Biosciences | IJB |; ISSN: 2220-6655 (Print), 2222-5234 (Online); Vol. 6, No. 2, p. 188-202, 2015

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.innspub.net; http://dx.doi.org/10.12692/ijb/6.2.188-202

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The variety BB₁ was the most vigorous one while BB₂ was the least one in the queue in terms of the seed quality. Note that the bold seeds in any crop variety are always accepted as the high vigorous ones by the seed technologist all over the world and so, sieving of seeds with screens of slots of variable dimensions was done during their processing to have only those ones. The outcomes further revealed that, all the tests performed during the course of the experiment expressed comparable as well as consistent consequences.

Knowledge Management: Journal