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Tree Diversity as Affected by Salinity in the Sundarban Mangrove Forests, Bangladesh

Ashfaque Ahmed
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abdul Aziz
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

AZM Nowsher Ali Khan
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Mohammad Nurul Islam
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Kazi Farhad Iqubal
Department of Environmental Science, State University of Bangladesh, Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Nazma
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Md. Ahafiqul Islam
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A botanical expedition to the Sundarban Mangrove Forests (SMF) was conducted in March, 2010 to study the tree diversity and their abundance as affected by salinity gradient. In six quadrats of 25m × 25m each, distributed in all four Ranges of the mangrove forest, a total of eight tree species were recorded. A maximum number of five species occurred in relatively low saline sites. Tree zonation dynamics of the forests along salinity gradient revealed an increase in the number of Ceriops decandra (goran), a salt tolerant plant in the north-eastern parts of the SMF which was dominated by Heritiera fomes (sundri), a freshwater loving plant in 1960’s. Highest importance value index (IVI) was recorded for C. decandra, which was present in all sites, except Moroghodra, a freshwater zone in Nalianala (Khulna) Range. Comparison of the Landsat images of Nalianala and Chandpai Ranges during 1989, 2000 and 2010 revealed a decreased tendency of dominance of H. fomes in the two Ranges but increased tendency of Bruguiera sexangula (kankra), Excoecaria agallocha (gewa) and Sonneratia apetala (keora). Total tree cover in 2010 decreased by about 3% from that of 1989. The changes in the tree composition have been attributed to increased salinity. The changes in the physiography and tree composition of the two Ranges between 2000 - 1989 were considerable.

Keywords: Tree diversity, Salinity effect, Sundarban mangrove forest,

Location: Mangrove Forests, Sundarban, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2010

End Date: 00-00-2010

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Plant, Mangrove

Objectives:

To study on the plant diversity and their abundance as influenced by salinity gradient.

Methodology:

The Botanical expedition to the Sundarban Mangrove Forests (SMF) was carried out in some suitable times of 2010. A total of six sites were taken for the study; which were distributed in all the four Ranges of the Sundarban.. A 25 × 25 m plot (quadrat) was studied about 10-15 m inland from the shore for each site except Kotka (S3), where the plot was considered about 500 m inland from the shore because of destruction of the forest in the periphery by cyclone Sidr. All the tree plants within each plot were counted. Phyto-sociological analysis was done and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H) was calculated out.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Bot. 40(2): 197-202, 2011 (December)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The changes in the tree composition of the Sundarban Mangrove Forest were attributed to increased salinity.

Knowledge Management: Journal