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Increasing Crop Productivity in the Coastal Areas by Proper Management of Potassium Fertilizers

MG Kibria
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh - 2202, Bangladesh

MF Haque
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh - 2202, Bangladesh

MS Islam
Farm Management Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

MA Hoque
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh - 2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the alleviation of the adverse effects of soil salinity in rice by efficient management of potassium fertilizers in coastal saline areas.The very purpose was to overcome the problem in rice and to derive higher harvest. The salt-sensitive (BRRI dhan28) and salt-tolerant (Binadhan-10) rice cultivars were used as test crops. The experiment was laid out in a RCBD with three replications. There were thirteen treatment combinations viz. T₀ (no K from MoP or SoP), T₁ (K₁₀₀ from MoP at final land preparation), T₂ (K₁₅₀ from MoP at final land preparation), T₃ (K₂₀₀ from MoP at final land preparation), T₄ (K₁₀₀ from MoP in two splits), T₅ (K_{15 0} from MoP in two splits), T₆ (K₂₀₀ from MoP in two splits), T₇(K_{10 0} from SoP at final land preparation), T₈ (K₁₅₀ from SoP at final land preparation), T₉ (K₂₀₀ from SoP at final land preparation), T₁₀ (K₁₀₀ from SoP in two splits), T₁₁ (K₁₅₀ from SoP in two splits) and T₁₂ (K₂₀₀ from SoP in two splits). Muriate of potash (MoP) and Sulphate of potash (SoP) were applied in two splits and during land preparation as per treatments. Binadhan-10 (salt-tolerant) rice produced higher grain and straw yields than salt-sensitive (BRRI dhan28) one under saline conditions. Furthermore, application of potassium fertilizers resulted in significant increases growth, and grain and straw yields of both salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice cultivars under saline conditions. The nutrient (NPS) uptake and K⁺/Na⁺ ratio increased in both rice cultivars by application of potassium fertilizers under saline conditions. The higher amount of yield as well as nutrient uptake of both rice cultivars was observed when SoP was applied either in land preparation or two split doses. The K⁺/Na⁺ ratio was found to be higher in T₉ and T₁₂ treatments in salt - sensitive cultivar whereas T₂ and T₃ treatments showed higher K⁺/Na⁺ ratio in grain and straw of salt-tolerant rice cultivar, respectively. Therefore, the present study suggests that rice production could be improved in saline areas through application of higher doses of potassium fertilizers particularly split application of Sulphate of potash.

Keywords: Muriate of potash, Sulphate of potash, Rice yield, Nutrient uptake, Coastal area, Saline area

Location: BRRI station, Sonagazi, Feni.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer

Objectives:

To investigate on the efficient management of potassium fertilizers in coastal saline areas
To recommend measures to overcome the problem and alleviate the adverse effects of soil salinity in rice for higher productivity

Methodology:

The field experiment was carried out at BRRI station, Sonagazi, Feni. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications. Seedlings of salt-sensitive (BRRI dhan28) and salt-tolerant (Binadhan-10) rice cultivars were transplanted in the experimental fields. Potassium fertilizers from Muriate of potash (MoP) and Sulphate of potash (SoP) were applied to the experimental plots as per treatments. Full amounts of MoP and SoP were applied at the time of final land preparation. MoP and SoP were also applied in two split doses; first dose at final land preparation and second dose at maximum tillering stage. The land was prepared by repeated ploughing and cross ploughing followed by laddering. There were different treatment combinations consisting of different doses of MoP and SoP including control as the follows:

T₀ = Control (no K from MoP or SoP)
T₁ = 100% of the recommended dose of K from MoP (at final land preparation)
T₂ = 150% of the recommended dose of K from MoP (at final land preparation)
T₃ = 200% of the recommende d dose of K from MoP (at final land preparation)
T₄ = 100% of the recommended dose of K from MoP (in two splits)
T₅ = 150% of the recommended dose of K from MoP (in two splits)
T₆ = 200% of the recommended dose of K from MoP (in two splits)
T₇ = 100% of the recommended dose of K from SoP (at final land preparation)
T₈ = 150% of the recommended dose of K from SoP (at final land preparation)
T₉ = 200% of the recommended dose of K from SoP (at final land preparation)
T₁₀ = 100% of the recommended dose of K from SoP (in two splits)
T₁₁ = 150% of the recommended dose of K from SoP (in two splits)
T₁₂ = 200% of the recommended dose of K from SoP (in two splits)

All treatments including control received recommended doses of N, P, S and Zn fertilizers (FRG,BARC, 2012). Potassium fertilizers were applied in the experimental pots as per treatments. Irrigation, intercultural operations and other management practices were performed as and when required. The crops were harvested at full maturity. Grain and straw yields were recorded. Chemical analysis of grain and straw samples was performed in the Department of Soil Science, BAU. The collected grain an d straw samples were dried in an oven at 65⁰C for about 48 hours and then ground by a grinding machine. After digesting the samples total N content of grain and straw was determined following micro - Kjeldahl method. The grain and straw samples were digested for determination of P, K, S and Na contents and their concentration was determined following standard method as described by Khanam et al. (2001). Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA. The significance of differences between mean values was evaluated by DMRT. The software package, MSTATC was followed for statistical analysis.

Source of Information: Progressive Agriculture 26: 115-121, 2015, ISSN: 1017- 8139

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.banglajol.info/index.php/PA/article/view/25965/17373

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It could be concluded that, Binadhan-10 (salt - tolerant) cultivar produced comparatively higher grain yield than salt-sensitive (BRRI dhan28). The nutrient uptake and K⁺/Na⁺ ratio increased in the salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice varieties under saline condition due to application of potassium fertilizers. The present study suggests that, rice production could be made profitable in the coastal saline areas of southern Bangladesh through application of potassium fertilizers. Moreover, Sulphate of potash showed better performances in aspect of rice yield than Muriate of potash.

Knowledge Management: Journal