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Antifungal Activity of Forty Higher Plants Against Phytopathogenic Fungi

Jaripa Begum
Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR) Laboratories, Chittagong, Chittagong 4220, Bangladesh

Mohammad Yusuf
Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR) Laboratories, Chittagong, Chittagong 4220, Bangladesh

Jashim Uddin Chowdhury
Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR) Laboratories, Chittagong, Chittagong 4220, Bangladesh

Saifulla Khan
Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR) Laboratories, Chittagong, Chittagong 4220, Bangladesh

M Nural Anwar
Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

To attain the set objective, plant materials (whole plant, aerial parts, leaf, root, bark and rhizome) of 40 higher plants representing 23 families were collected fresh from various localities of Chittagong, Cox’s Bazar, Rangamati and Moheshkhali areas and were identified by the authors. A set of voucher herbarium specimen was made for each collection and those vouchers were preserved in the herbarium of the Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Laboratories, Chittagong. Ethanolic extract of the 40 higher plants were tested for antifungal activity against some phytopathogenic fungi. The two most active plants showing potent antifungal activity were Acorus calamus and Piper betel. The rhizome extract of A. calamus exhibited highest antifungal activity inhibiting the mycelial growth completely (100%) against all the 6 test pathogens. P. betel exhibited more than 50% inhibition against most of the test fungi. The ethanolic extract of several higher plants could be used as alternative source of antifungal agents for protection of plants or crops against fungal infection.

Keywords: Antifungal activity, Phytopathogenic fungi, Higher plants

Location: Chittagong, Cox’s Bazar, Rangamati and Moheshkhali areas

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases

Objectives:

To find out active antifungal agent from higher plants against the fungal diseases of crops

Methodology:

The plant materials (whole plant, aerial parts, leaf, root, bark and rhizome) were collected fresh from various localities of Chittagong, Cox’s Bazar, Rangamati and Moheshkhali areas and were identified by the authors. A set of voucher herbarium specimen was made for each collection and those vouchers were preserved in the herbarium of the Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Laboratories, Chittagong. Plant materials were cut into small pieces (1-2 cm), air-dried, powdered mechanically and extracted with 80% ethanol. The extracts were filtered and concentrated to near dryness under reduced pressure and low temperature (40°-50°C) with the help of rotary vacuum evaporator. In vitro antifungal activity of the extract was done by poisoned food technique. Potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium was used for the culture of fungi. Each extract was redissolved in specific volume of absolute ehanol and mixed with sterilized melted PDA medium to obtain the desired concentration (1 mg/ml.) and this was poured in sterilized petriplates (20 ml/plate). At the center of each Petri plate 5-days-old fungal mycelial block (5 mm in diametre) was inoculated, which was subsequently incubated at 25° ± 1°C. The diameter of each fungal colony was measured after 3-5 days of incubation. Nystatin (100 μg/ml) was used as a standard antifungal drug for comparison of results under identical conditions. The percent of mycelial growth inhibition of the test fungus was calculated as described earlier.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 24, Number 1, June 2007, pp 76-78

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The plants that showed wide spectrum of antifungal activity were Acorus calamus and Piper betel. A. calamus exhibited highest antifungal activity inhibiting the mycelial growth completely (100%) against all the 6 test pathogens. P. betel exhibited more than 50% inhibition against all the test pathogens except M. phaseolina (ca. 49%).

Knowledge Management: Journal