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Cytological Effects of Pesticides I. Effects of Carbicron, Bidrin, Dimecron, Diazinon and Vapona on Barley

Sultanul Alam
Department of Botany, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi.

M. R. Khan
BCSIR Laboratories. P.O. Kazla. Rajshahi.

A. K. Biswas
Department of Botany, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi.

M. N. Amin
Department of Botany, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Cytological effects of insecticides (Carbicron-100, Bidrin-85, Dimecron-100, Diazinon-60 and Vapona-50) on barley plant was studied. Three different concentrations of each of these insecticides were used. To compare mutagenacity of insecticides, three recognized chemical mutagens (0.2% aqueous soln.) and 30 Kr of gamma radiation were also used in this study. Mitotic effect was observed from the root tip cells collected from the treated seeds. Meiotic effect was observed from the plants raised from the treated seeds and also from the plants sprayed with insecticides. It was observed that all the insecticides tested showed mutagenic effects on the chromosomes of barley plants similar to those induced by chemical and physical mutagens. The chromosomal aberrations observed included laggards, fragments, bridges, micronuclei and multivalents. The frequency of such abnormalities increased with an increase of insecticidal concentrations.

Keywords: Barley tree, Pesticide, Cytological effects

Location: Department of Botany, Rajshahi University

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Barley

Objectives:

To gain information on the cytological effects of some insecticides commonly used in this country on barley plant.

Methodology:

This study was conducted with seeds of locally available barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), five insecticides, three chemical mutagens and gamma radiation. Common or trade name, active ingredient, emperical formula, and source of these insecticides and mutagens. Three different concentration of each of the five insecticides were used in this study. Three concentrations included were recommended dose (D₁), high dose (D₂) and very high dose (D₃). For Carbicron and Bidrin D₁, D₂ and D₃ were prepared by mixing 0.2 oz, 0.4 oz and 0.8oz insecticides with 2.5 gallons of water, respectively and for Dimecron, and Diazinon and Vapona D₁, D₂ and D₃ were prepared by mixing 0.3 oz, 0.6 oz & 1.2 oz of insecticides with 2.5 gallons of water, respectively. For mitotic study dry dormant seeds were soaked in all concentrations of the five insecticides for 12 hours. Seeds were then washed thoroughly in tap water and allowed to germinate in separate petri dishes. For comparison, seeds were treated with 0.2% aqueous solution of three chemical mutagens, (Triethanol amine, Hydroxyl ammonium chloride and Ethylene glycol) for the same period of time. Dry seeds were also irradiated with 30 Kr of gamma rays. Root tips (1.5 to 2 cm) were collected from the germinated seeds and fixed in 1:3 aceto-alcohol and stained with iron-haematoxylin. Meiotic study was carried out from the PMCs collected from the plants raised from the seeds treated with insecticides, chemical mutagens and gamma rays and also from the plants sprayed with insecticides only. The seedlings were sprayed at the age of three weeks when they were approximately 15 cm in height. Second application of insecticides was done approximately before the formation of inflorescence primordia. P MCs were collected and fixed in Carnoy's solution (6 ethanol 3 chloroform 1 glacial acetic acid) and stained with 2% acetocarmine. Control used for both mitotic and meiotic studies was left untreated. For statistical analysis, the percentage data were transformed to degrees by angular transformation and analysed as per completely randomized design (CRD).

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Agriculture, Vol. 8, No. 1-4, Jon.-Dec. 1983

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It appeared from the results of present study that all the concentrations of five insecticides tested were capable of inducing different types of chromosomal abnormalities in both mitotic and meiotic cells of barley similar to those produced by physical and chemical mutagens. The increase in chromosomal aberrations with an increase in insecticidal concentration was similar to the results obtained by the use of other insecticides on other crop plants as reported by several workers.

Knowledge Management: Journal