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Effect of Rockphosphate as Substitute or Complement to Triple Super Phosphate on the Growth and Yield of Wheat

Z. Ahmad
Department of Soil Science, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

I. U. Ahmed
Department of Soil Science, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Z. Parveen
Department of Soil Science, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

S. G. Hussain
Department of Soil Science, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

K. R. Islam
Department of Soil Science, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A greenhouse experiment was performed in the premises of Soil Science Department of Dhaka University to evaluate the effect of rock phosphate as substitute or complement to triple super phosphate on the growth and yield parameters of wheat plants. Results apprised that no significant change in height was observed among the treatments as compared to treatment TSP₁₀₀ RP_o. Number of tillers per plant in the treatments TSP_1ooRP_o and complementary treatments TSP₇₅RP₂₅ and TSP₅₀RP₅₀ were more or less same throughout the growing periods, whereas TSP₇₅RP₂₅ and TSP_oRP_too depressed the numbers. The flowering and maturity of plants in the treatments TSP₁₀₀ RP_o. TSP₇₅RP₃₅ and TSP_5oRP_5o reached earlier than that of treatments TSP₂₅RP₇₅ and TSP₀SP₁₉₉. The yields of grain and straw did not change significantly by the application or TSP₇₅RP₂₅ and TSP₅₉RP₅₉ treatments as compared to TSP₇₉₆RP⁶, whereas the treatments TSP₂₅RP₇₅ and TSP₆RP₁₀₀ significantly decreased the yields. The sources of nitrogen did not cause marked change in growth and yield of wheat. From this experimental findings it may be concluded that complementary supply of phosphorus from rock phosphate along with triple super phosphate can improve the growth and yield of crops, and thereby reduce the application of expensive triple super phosphate.

Keywords: Yield, Wheat, Fertilizer

Location: Soil Science Department, Dhaka University

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Wheat

Objectives:

1. To evaluate the effect of rock phosphate as substitute or complement.

2. To triple super phosphate with urea or ammonium sulphate on the growth and yield of wheat.

Methodology:

Wheat (variety Jupateco-73) was raised in greenhouse to maturity in earthen pots filled with 5 kg clay loam soil. The characteristics of the soil were: field capacity 28.22%, pH 5.4, cation exchange change capacity 8.25 meq/100 g soil, organic carbon 0.662% and 11 ppm Olsen's P, available Fe 22.05 ppm. The treatments comprised of (100 kg Ph^-1) TSP₁₀₀ RP₀, TSP₇₅ RP₂₅, TSP₅₉RP_59, TSP₂₅RP₇₅ and TSP_oRP_1oo where TSP means triple super phosphate and RP rock phosphate and their respective numerical values indicate kg P ha^-1 from the respective source of P. Muriate of potash @ 100 kg K ha^-1, and 100 kg N ha^-1 from urea or from ammonium sulphate was given as basal dose. The rock phosphate contain ed 32.40% total P₂0₅, 50.10% CaO, 0.70% MgO, 0.70% Fe₂0₃ and 2.85% Si0₂ (Laboratory Complex Ltd. Chittagong, Bangladesh). Prior to potting the soil was thoroughly mixed with the requisite amounts of TSP, finely ground (60 mesh) rock phosphate, urea or ammonium sulphate and muriate of potash as per different treatment combinations. After incubating the soil for 38 hours,15 seeds were sown, thinned to 9 plants per pot 13 days after germination. Plant samples (3 plants at each stage) were collected at tillering, flowering and harvesting stages. Ninety four days after sowing the crop was harvested at full maturity. Both grain and straw were properly dried in the sun and then in an oven at 65⁰C. Pots were irrigated to field capacity when the plants showed water stress. The design was completely randomized with 4 replications. The field moisture capacity of the soil was determined. Available P of the soil was extracted with Olsen's extractant and determined by colorimetrically by using ascorbic acid blue colors method

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Agriculture, Vol. 8, No. 1- 4, Jan.-Dec., 1983

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the above data and results, it was indicated that the treatments TSP₁₆₆RP₀, TSP₇₅RP₂₅ and TSP₅₆RP₅₀have no significant differences with respect to the growth and yield parameters of wheat. A possible reason for not obtaining significant response seems due to immediate release and gradual supply of phosphorus either from TSP or from TSP and rock phosphate mixture to meet up the requirements of the crop. Whereas in the treatment TSPRP₁₆₆ the dry matter yields of wheat significantly differed from other treatments, because of the low solubility and slow release of P from rock phosphate as compared to TSP. Rock phosphate was less effective than TSP. A comparatively higher values were obtained on the growth and yield parameters of wheat in ammonium sulphate with respect to urea which increases the acidity of the soil. Soil acidity has marked influence on the availability of P from rock phosphate, the availability increased as the soil pH was lowered.

Knowledge Management: Journal