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Antimicrobial Activity of Crude Extract from Calycopteris Floribunsa

Anupama Saha
Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh

M Shafiqur Rahman
Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of Calycopteris floribunda leaves were investigated for their antimicrobial activities against ten human pathogenic bacteria and five phytopathogenic fungi using disc diffusion and poisoned food method respectively. The extracts showed good antibacterial and antifungal activity against the organisms tested herein. The chloroform extract exhibited the largest zone of inhibition (35 mm in diameter with 2 mg/disc extract) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the highest inhibition of fungal radial mycelial growth (71.5% with 100 mg extract/ml medium) was recorded against Alternaria alternata using the same extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined by broth macrodilution method and the lowest was recorded against P. aeruginosa (MIC 250 μg/ml) among the bacterial isolates and A. alternata (125 μg/ml) among the fungal isolates. The crude chloroform extract was found to be active against most of the fungal pathogens. So it may be used as a novel antimicrobial agent for controlling a number of pathogens.

Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Calycopteris floribunda, leaf extract

Location: Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong

Start Date: 00-06-2006

End Date: 00-06-2006

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Diseases

Objectives:

To search for new antimicrobial substances from various sources, such as medicinal plants.

Methodology:

Calycopteris floribunda Lam. is a large diffuse or scandent shrub with yellowish green flowers belongs to the family Combretaceae, growing in Sylhet and Chittagong (Bangladesh). Leaves principally contain tannin, flavanol, calycopterin, calycopterin methyl ester and oxymethyl calycopterin. Juice of young twig is used diarrhoea, dysentery, malarial fever and colic. Leaves of C. floribunda were collected in fresh condition from Chittagong University campus, Chittagong, Bangladesh, in June 2006. The collected and cleaned samples were cut into small pieces (1-2 cm), dried in air to make it suitable for grinding. The samples were ground to fine powder mechanically and then 50 g of the dried powders were kept steeped 72 h in petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and 95% ethanol. The extracts thus obtained were filtered, centrifuged at 5,000 rpm for 20 min and then concentrated to a gummy material under reduced pressure at 50°C by rotary vacuum evaporator. The crude extracts were then tested for antibacterial activity against ten human pathogenic bacteria, viz., Shigella dysenteriae AE 14396, S. sonnei CRL.(ICDDR,B), Salmonella typhi AE 14612, S. paratyphi AE 14613, Bacillus subtilis BTCC 17, B. cereus BTCC 19, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa CRL(ICDDR’B), Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Vibrio cholerae AE 14748, and five phytopathogenic fungi, viz., Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Kedissler., Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn, Colletotrichum corchori Ikata (Yoshida), Fusarium equiseti (Corda) Sacc. and Macrophomina phaseolina (Maubl) Ashby. The in vitro sensitivity of the bacteria to the leaf extracts was done by disc diffusion method7 using Mueller-Hinton agar medium and filter paper discs of 4 mm in diameter with 20 μl of 10% (2,000 μg/disc) the crude extracts. All the results were compared with the standard antibacterial antibiotic ampicillin (20 μg/disc, BEXIMCO Pharma Bangladesh Ltd, Dhaka). The in vitro antifungal activity of the crude extracts was determined by poisoned food technique using 10% ethanolic solution (w/v) of the extracts mixed with sterilized melted potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium to obtain the desired concentration (100 μg/ml). All the results were compared with the standard antifungal antibiotic nystatin (100 μg/ml medium, BEXIMCO Pharma Bangladesh Ltd, Dhaka). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the crude extracts was determined by broth macrodilution method. The crude extracts were dissolved in 30% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to obtain 10% (w/v) solution. The crude extracts (petroleun ether extract, chloroform extract, ethyl acetate extract and ethanol extract) obtained from Calycopteris floribunda were screened for their antibacterial activity against eleven human pathogenic bacteria and compared to that of standard antibacterial antibiotic ampicillin. Highest zone of inhibition (14 to 35 mm) was observed with the chloroform extract using a concentration 2 mg/disc against all the bacterial strains tested herein and the largest zone of inhibition (35 mm) was found against P. aeruginosa. By comparison, the standard ampicillin disc (20 μg/disc) showed inhibitory activity against all the bacterial isolates with the zone of inhibition varied between 14 mm (against E. coli and P. aeruginosa) and 22 mm (against S. dysenteriae).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 25, Number 2, December 2008, pp 137-139

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present investigation confirmed that there are antibacterial and antifungal properties in the crude extract of C. floribunda leaf. Further study is necessary to identify the active compound(s) and tested for bioactive and antimicrobial activities.

Knowledge Management: Journal