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Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil from Seeds of Carum Carvi and Its Composition

Jaripa Begum
Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Chittagong Cantonment, Chittagong 4220, Bangladesh

M Nazrul Islam Bhuiyan
Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Chittagong Cantonment, Chittagong 4220, Bangladesh

Jasim Uddin Chowdhury
Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Chittagong Cantonment, Chittagong 4220, Bangladesh

M Nuzmul Hoque
Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Chittagong Cantonment, Chittagong 4220, Bangladesh

M Nural Anwar
Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The essential oil of Carum carvi L. seeds was screened for its antimicrobial activity against ten pathogenic bacteria and six phytopathogenic fungi. The essential oil showed promising inhibitory activity against all the test bacteria, even at 2 μl/disc. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, 100-300 ppm) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC, 200-400 ppm) values of essential oil were determined. The antifungal screening of the essential oil showed 100% inhibition of radial mycelial growth of all the test fungi at 100 ppm. The MIC and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values were found to vary from 50-300 ppm and 200-400 ppm respectively. The essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation from seeds of C. carvi was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). About 10 compounds had been identified in the seeds oils, accounting for more than 99.7% of the oils. The main components of the seeds oil were thymol (48.20%), o-cymene (19.29%), γ-terpinen (17.61%) and trimethylene dichloride (8.81%).

Keywords: Antimicrobial activities, Carum carvi, Essential oil, GC-MS, Thymol

Location:

Start Date: 00-12-2007

End Date: 00-12-2007

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases

Objectives:

To study antimicrobial activity of C. carvi seeds essential oil and its compositions of local variety.

Methodology:

Plant material - Carum carvi (caraway) seeds materials were collected from the experimental fields of BCSIR Laboratories, Chittagong, during December 2007. One voucher specimen (J-421) was deposited in the herbarium of BCSIR Laboratory, Chittagong. Extraction of essential oil The collected materials were crashed, dried and then grinned. The grinned materials were soak in distil water. This water mixture is placed with Clevenger-type apparatus. The materials were hydrodistilled using Clevenger-type apparatus. Distillation of the materials was run for 4 h. The oil collected was then dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and their physical characters like colour and odour were recorded. The oils were then stored in sealed container under refrigeration prior to analysis. Determination of antimicrobial activity of essential oil The essential oil obtained from C. carvi was tested for its antibacterial activity against ten potential pathogenic bacteria, viz., Bacillus subtilis BTCC 17, B. cereus BTCC 19, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa CRL (ICDDR, B), Shigella dysenteriae AE 14396, S. sonnei CRL. (ICDDR, B), Salmonella typhi AE 14612, S. paratyphi AE 14613, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Vibrio cholerae, AE 14748, and six phytopathogenic fungi, viz., Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Kedissler., Botryodiplodia theobromae pat., Colletotrichum corchori Ikata (Yoshida), Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijin, Fusarium equiseti (Corda) Saccc. and Macrophomina phaseolina (Maubl) Ashby. Antibacterial activity - The in vitro sensitivity of the bacteria to the test materials was done by disc diffusion method. Mueller-Hinton medium was used for culture of bacteria. Each experiment was repeated thrice. All the results were compared with the standard antibacterial antibiotic ampicillin (20 ìg/disc, BEXIMCO Pharma Bangladesh Ltd., Dhaka). Antifungal activity - In vitro antifungal activities of the essential oil of C. carvi seeds and nystatin were determined by poisoned food technique. Sabouraud agar medium was used for culture of fungi. Linear mycelial growth of fungus was measured after 3-5 days of incubation. The percentage inhibition of radial mycelial growth of the test fungus was calculated as follows - concentration (MFC) values of essential oil against 10 test bacteria were determined by micro- and macrodillution broth technique using Mueller-Hinton medium .The MIC and MFC values of essential oil against six test fungi were also determined by microand macrodilution broth techniqueusing Sabouraud medium. During MIC, MBC and MFC experiments, essential oil of 50 to 500 ppm concentrations were used. GC-MS analysis of C. carvi essential oil - The essential oils from rhizomes of C. carvi was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) electron impact ionization (EI) method on GC-17A gas chromatograph (Shimadzu, Japan) coupled to a GC-MS QP 5050A mass spectrometer (Shimadzu, Japan); fused silica capillary column (30 m x 2.5 mm; 0.25 mm film thickness), coated with DB-1 (J&W); column temperature 100^oC (2 min) to 250^oC at the rate of 3^oC/min; carrier gas, helium at constant pressure of 90 kPa. Acquisition parameters full scan; scan range 40-350 amu. The essential oil composition was identified by comparing the mass spectra from NIST Library (NIST 147 and NIST 27).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 25, Number 2, December 2008, pp 85-89

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Results showed that the seeds oil was a complex mixture of numerous compounds; many of which are present in trace amounts. It is worth mentioning here that there is great variation in the chemical composition of the seeds of C. carvi oils. Thymol (48.20%) is the most important and main component in seeds oil but it is totally absent in all the reported oils.

Knowledge Management: Journal