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Genetic Analysis of Birth Weight and Milk Production of Red Chittagong Cattle of Bangladesh

M. Alam
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

A. K. F. H. Bhuiyan
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

A. Ali
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

A. Mamun
Department of Dairy Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The present study was carried out at the Nucleus Herd of Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC) in Bangladesh Agricultural University to analyze the genetic potential of RCC for Birth weight (BW), Lactation length (LL), Lactation milk yield (LMY), Lactation fat yield (LFY) and Fat % (FP). Data were recorded on 18 RCC calves and on their lactating mothers. Means and standard errors, heritabilities and breeding values of the aforementioned traits were estimated using different computer programs. Birth weight of calf averaged 15.00±0.59 kg, the averages of LL, LMY, LFY and FP were 242.17±8.33 days, 516.94±35.89 kg, 24.09±1.59 kg and 4.73±0.01 % respectively. Heritability estimates using animal model restricted maximum likelihood (REML) principle for BW, LL, LMY, LFY and FP were 0.45±1.37, 0.39±0.16, 0.27±0.11, 0.33±O.28 and 0.38±0.15 respectively. Calf bearing Tag no. 092 showed highest breeding value (2.782) for BW whereas, cow bearing Tag no. 009 ranked first for most of milk production traits such as LL (25.513), LMY (79.687) and LFY (3.958). While cow no. 013 became first for FP (0.248) only. The results of the study indicate that RCC possesses promise for development through long-term breeding program. In other words, the estimated heritabilities could be used for the prediction of breeding values of Red Chittagong Cattle to take selection decision based on their estimated breeding values. The adopted quantitative methodology as such could be applied for the operation of cattle breeding and development programs of Bangladesh in general.

Keywords: Heritability, Breeding value, Economic trait, Red Chittagong Cattle

Location: Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University.

Start Date: 00-09-2005

End Date: 00-10-2006

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Cattle

Objectives:

To the heritabilities (birth weight and milk production), breeding value of animals for those traits and providing future guidelines as to the improvement of RCC in Bangladesh is concerned.

Methodology:

The data of the present study were collected from the 50-Cow Nucleus Herd of USDA funded Red Chittagong Cattle Project carried out at the Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University. Data on individual animals were recorded at a regular basis. Data for this study were recorded from September 2005 to October 2006. Data on birth weight were taken on 18 RCC calves. Data on 18 RCC cows were also taken into consideration which did complete their full lactation period. Milking was done twice a day (morning and evening). Samples of milk were taken regularly to the Dairy Science laboratory of BAU to analyze milk composition throughout the lactation. However, the whole year was divided into three seasons (summer- March to June, rainy- July to October and winter- November to February) to take an unbiased account of environmental variation for each trait. The traits considered for the study was birth weight (BW), lactation length (LL), lactation milk yields (LMY), lactation fat yield (LFY) and fat % (FP) of milk of RCC. Feeding and management practices were almost uniform throughout the year. The animals were fed with cultivated fodders, urea molasses straw (UMS) and rice straw along with concentrates. Regular vaccination, medication, heat detection were performed and records on birth and weaning, pregnancy diagnosis, service per conception, date of calving and other management events were kept timely and as accurately as possible. Simple means and standard errors for birth weight (BW), lactation length (LL), lactation milk yield (LMY), lactation fat yield (LFY) and fat % (FP) of milk were calculated. The variance component was sorted into genetic and environmental components. Breeding values were predicted using mixed model Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) technique through choosing appropriate options in MTDFREML. Sex of calf and parity of dam were taken as fixed effects for birth weight and parity of cow and season of calving were considered as fixed effects for milk production traits. All the analyses were done using a single trait animal model where animal's additive genetic effect was the only random factor. The used animal model was: Y = Xb + Za + W c + e, Where, Y = Vector of observation; X, Z and W = Known incidence matrices that are associated with levels of b, a, & c with Y; b = Unknown vector of fixed effects (i.e. sex, parity, season of calving); a = Unknown vector of breeding value; c = Unknown vector of permanent environmental effect; e = Vector of residual effects. The model automatically corrected data for non-genetic effects, used numerator relationship matrix from the pedigree data and variance components estimated from the MTDFREML analysis for final estimation of breeding values.

Source of Information: Bang. J. Anim. Sci., Vo- 36 (1 & 2), Pag: 24-32, 2007, (ISSN 0003-3588)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results of the study indicated that RCC possesses promise for development through long-term breeding program. In other words, the estimated heritabilities could be used for the prediction of breeding values of Red Chittagong Cattle to take selection decision based on their estimated breeding values.

Knowledge Management: Journal