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Seasonal Dynamics of Aquatic Plants and Physicochemical Factors in an Urban Pond of Jatrabari, Dhaka

Masuma Akter
Department of Botany, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh.

Khurshid Nahar
Department of Botany, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh.

Md. Ataul Gani
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.

Md. Almujaddade Alfasane
Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Samad Nagar pond situated in Jatrabari, Dhaka showed mean air temperature 20 - 30°C and water temperature 19 - 28°C. Secchi depth (Zs) varied from 28.67 - 44.5 cm and pH 6.6 - 8.8. The mean DO and alkalinity ranged 5.34 - 10.00 mg/I and 0.58 - 1.08 meq/I, respectively. Free CO₂, SRP and SRS ranged 1.31 - 4.21 mg/I, 158.39 - 635.70 µg/I and 13.32 - 28.65 mg/I, respectively. During the study period, seasonal mean values of transparency was higher in monsoon and lower in winter. pH, alkalinity remained higher in winter but lower in monsoon. From aquatic plant communities of the pond, phytoplankton represented by 33 species of which 54.55% belonged to Chlorophyceae (54.55%) followed by Bacillariophyceae (13.64%), Cyanophyceae (13.64%), Euglenophyceae (13.64%) and Dinophyceae (4.55%). The population density of phytoplankton community ranged 6.16 - 25.96 x 10⁶ ind/1. Benthic diatom density varied from 2.64 - 11.00 x 10⁶ ind/1. Benthic diatom population was the highest (11 x 10⁶ ind/I) in late October and lowest in early September (2.64 x 10⁶ ind/I). Chl α and phaeophytin concentration varied 5.10 - 228.51 µg/I and 2.05 - 1513.36 µg/I, respectively. Aquatic macrophyte communities were represented by 23 species where Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms., Ipomoea aquatica Forsk, Ipomoea fistulosa Mart., Telanthera philoxeroides Moq., Rumex maritimus L., Eclipta prostata (L.) L. and Salvinia natans L. were observed all over the study period.

Keywords: Limnology, Seasonality, Aquatic plants, Urban pond

Location: Jatrabari, Dhaka

Start Date: 00-07-2014

End Date: 00-12-2014

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Water quality

Objectives:

1. To study the samapad nagar pond limnology with seasonality and

2. To assess the samapad nagar pond aquatic plant resources.

Methodology:

Samadnagar Pond (A= 12.60 acre Zmax= 9 m) situated at 23°71 '31" - 23°70'43" N and 90°43'44" - 90°43'55" E. pond was excavated for the purposes of bathing and household uses by Haji Samad in 1973. Every day over 500 hundred people use the water of the pond for taking bath and cooking. The water is also used by people for land irrigation and building construction. Sampling was carried out from July - December 2014 fortnightly during morning. A total of 12 samples was collected in each of which in situ measurement of air temperature, water temperature, pH and Secchi depth were conducted using portable devices (Temp.=mercury thermometer, pH=Hanna Instruments, USA) and Secchi disc (dia. =314.16cm²). Integrated water samples were collected from one meter depth by a PVC pipe fitted with a check valve at the end for chemical analysis as well as phytoplankton counting. Collection of benthic diatoms was done. A few drops of formaldehyde was added to the diatom sample and carried to the laboratory for analysis. After sampling all the materials were kept in a cool box and transported to the laboratory for further analysis of alkalinity, free carbon dioxide (C0₂₎, dissolved oxygen (DO), soluble reactive silicate (SRS), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), chlorophyll α (chI α) and phaeophytin concentration. Enumeration of phytoplankton and benthic diatom was done with the help of a HBCC (Helber bacterial counting chamber) under compound microscope and phytoplankton were identified up to species level with the help of existing literature. Various types of floating, hygrophytes and amphibious macrophytes were collected and identified during the present investigation. In the present study distinct seasons that prevail in Bangladesh were considered. Pearson correlation was performed using the software of SPSS v 20 to find out the relationship between biological and physico- chemical variables.

Source of Information: J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 41(2): 253-262, December 2015

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) : ?

Achievement/Findings:

Relatively higher concentration of chI α was observed during the sampling periods of early November (Nov A) and December (Dec A & B) when the air temperature, water temperature and pH values were lower. During these sampling periods the value of alkalinity and SRP was comparatively higher. Abundance of benthic diatom showed positive correlation only with CO₂ (r=.586) at 5% significant level. No correlation was found for phytoplankton density and phaeophytin concentration.

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