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Effect of Different Doses of Nitrogen and Phosphorous Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Napier Grass (pennisetum Purpureum)

A. B. M. Khaleduzzaman
Ph.D. student
Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

N. Islam
Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Z. H. Khandaker
Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. A. Akbar
Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different doses of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer on yield, chemical composition and nutritive value of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum). Five different levels of nitrogen (N) fertilizer (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg N/ha) and three levels of phosphorous (P) fertilizer (0, 10 and 20 kg P/ha) were applied in a 5x3 factorial arrangement in Randomized Block Design (RBD). Green biomass, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) yields were increased significantly (P0.05). Crude protein and OM contents were increased due to N application while DM, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and ash contents were decreased for the increasing levels of N. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and ether extract (EE) content in green grass were non significant (P>0.05) for the application of different N fertilizer. Similarly, P fertilizer did not affect (P>0.05) on CP, ADF, EE, OM and ash content in Napier grass. Application of P fertilizer had a significant (P<0.05) effect on the phosphorus content of Napier grass. The level of N fertilizer significantly (P<0.01) increased the in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and metabolizable energy (ME, P<0.05) content in Napier grass. Similarly, P fertilizer also significantly (P<0.05) increased the IVOMD and ME contents with the increasing level. From the results of the present study, it is evident that Napier grass can be cultivated through the application of 120 kg N/ha with 20 kg P/ha.

Keywords: Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Napier grass, Organic matter, Energy content

Location: Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

Start Date: 18-12-2006

End Date: 15-03-2007

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer

Objectives:

To study the effect of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on biomass yield, chemical composition and nutritive value of Napier grass.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in the previously cultivated (2 years ago) Napier grass plot of the Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from December 18, 2006 to March 15, 2007. The experimental site was in the old Brahmaputra Flood Plain Agro-ecological Zone having non-calcareous dark-grey soil. The soil was silt loam textured, neutral in reaction (pH = 7). The average soil nutrient contents were 0.098%, 16 and 57 ppm for nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium respectively. The whole experimental area (466 m²) was divided into three blocks with the spacing at 30 cm border area between two blocks. Each block was subdivided into fifteen experimental plots having a plot size of 9.99 m² (1.85x5.4) containing 12 Napier root stocks. The distance between line to line was 0.92 m and plant to plant was 0.90 m. Before starting the experiment whole plants were cut at 20 cm height. Five levels of nitrogen (N) fertilizer 0(N_o), 40(N₁), 80(N₂), 120(N₃) and 160(N₄) kg N/ha in the form of urea and three levels of phosphorous (P) fertilizer 0(P_o), 10(P₁) and 20(P₂) kg P/ha in the form of Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) were applied. The treatment combinations were randomly assigned in a 5x3 factorial arrangement. Total amount of TSP and half of the required urea were applied immediately after preparation of land between root stocks and rest half of the urea was provided 20 days after sowing of as top dressing. Weeding was done twice and irrigation was given two times during experimental period. Napier fodder was harvested after 80 days and fresh biomass yield from each plot was recorded. Representative samples during the harvesting of the plants were collected from each plot for analysis. The samples were chopped and dried in the sun and then ground to pass through 40 mm mesh sieve and kept in the polythene bags, labeled and stored for further analysis. At the same time freshly collected samples from each plot were cut into small pieces for determining DM content of fresh forage. The chemical components (DM, CP, EE and Ash) were determined. Phosphorus concentration of samples was determined with the help of Spectrophotometer (Spectronic Instruments, Genesis 5). In vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and metabolizable energy (ME) contents of forage samples were determined according to Menke et at. (1979). The values for in vitro OM digestibility (IVOMD) and metabolizable energy (ME, MJ/kg DM) were calculated by using the following equations proposed.

IVOMD = 16.49+0.9042 GP+0.0492 CP+0.0387 TA, ME = 2.20+0.1357 GP+0.0057 CP+0.000286 EE²

Where, IVOMD = In vitro organic matter digestibility (%), ME = Metabolizable energy (MJ/kg DM), GP = Gas production expressed in ml per 200 mg DM, CP = Crude protein (g/kg DM), TA = Total ash (g/kg DM), EE Ether extract (g/kg DM)

The statistical analysis was done using 'MSTAT' statistical program to compute analysis of variance (ANOVA) for 5x3 factorial experiments in randomized complete block design (RCBD).

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science,Vol-36 (1 & 2): 41-49, 2007 (ISSN 0003-3588)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The trend of increasing ME value in the present study were from 7.52 to 7.64 MJ/kg DM at application of 20 kg P/ha over control (0 kg P/ha). Highest ME value (9.58 MJ/kg DM) due to application of 50 kg P/ha in oat grass as compared with 8.11 MJ/kg DM with control (0 kg P/ha). Based on the above findings it can be concluded that Napier fodder can be cultivated through the application of 120 kg N/ha with 20 kg P/ha for optimum yield and nutritive value of fodder.

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