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A Study on the Occurrence of Calf Diseases in Some Selected Dairy Farms of Bangladesh

Md. Showkat Ali
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

S. M. Lutful Kabir
Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Jalal Uddin Ahmed
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Nasrin Sultana Juyena
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Mohammad Liaquat Osman Mojumder
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Md. Jahid Hasan
Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The objectives were to investigate the factors (age, sex, breed and season) affecting the occurrence of calf diseases. In this study 497 cases of 0 to 3 months of age from three different farms were investigated. Calf in Savar Dairy farm (n=249), Talbag Dairy Farm (n=85) and BAU Dairy Farm (n=163) were included from April 2011 to March 2012. The occurrence of diseases were classified on the basis of breed (Local and Cross), age (≤ 3 weeks and >3 weeks), sex (Male and Female) and season (Spring, Summer, Rainy and Winter). The overall diseases were diarrhoea (20.3%), anorexia (9.7%), fever (9.1%), naval ill (8.0%), malnutrition (7.7%), indigestion (6.7%), traumatic injury (5.4%), dysentery (5.0%), myiasis (4.6%), pneumonia (3.4%), alopecia (3.4%), atresia ani (3.2%), hernia (2.8%), constipation (2.6%), abscess (2.2%), conjunctivitis (2.2%), lameness (1.8%), FMD (1.2%) and blot (0.6%). The cases of diarrhoea was higher (20.5%) than that of other diseases. The occurrence of diseases was highly significant (p<0.01) in crossbred calves (77.3%) than that of local bred (22.7%). Cases of diseases were higher in male calves (51.7%) than that of female calves (48.3%) but the variation was insignificant (p>0.05). The effect of breeds on diseases were found significantly (p<0.05) higher in ≤ 3 weeks (55.1%) than that of > 3 weeks of age (44.9%). The occurrence of diseases in calves was significantly (p<0.05) higher in rainy season (36.0%) followed by the summer (31.0%), winter (22.1%) and lowest in spring (10.9%). The results demonstrate significant effect of breed, age and season on the occurrence of diseases in calves.

Keywords: Calf diseases; Breed; Age; Sex; Season

Location: Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-04-2011

End Date: 00-03-2012

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Calf

Objectives:

To investigate the factors (age, sex, breed and season) affecting the occurrence of calf diseases in some selected dairy farms of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Study area
This study was conducted from April 2011 to March 2012 in the following area:
a) Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm, Savar, Dhaka.
b) Talbag dairy farm, Savar, Dhaka.
c) Dairy Firm, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.
Calf selection
The diseased calf from birth to 3 months of age was considered. A total of 497 cases of calf diseases in three different farms were enlisted as 249 cases in Savar Dairy farm, 85 in Talbag Dairy Farm and 163 in BAU Dairy Farm.
Data collection procedure
For collection of information required a format that was developed for keeping the records of data (appendix). The format contained the following information:
a) Name of Disease of Calf
b) Breed of Calf
c) Age of Calf
d) Sex of Calf
e) Date of Disease Occurrence
The data were collected from the monthly report of concern veterinarian of dairy farm. The recorded diseases were diagnosed by the clinical signs, and not confirmed by further laboratory diagnosis.

Case classification
Clinical case records of 497 calves from birth to 3 months old were considered. The recorded diseases were classified into two major diagnostic groups: 1) surgical diseases and 2) Non-surgical diseases. The total diseased calves were further classified based on age, sex, breed and season.
a) Classify of case according to breed
The study calves were divided into the two breeds. These were:
(i) Local (Indigenous): Well developed hump.
(ii) Cross: Predominant black and white colour, ranging from all black to all white. The hump is not developed.
b) Classify of case according to sex
The sex of study calves were divided into two groups. There were:
(i) Male calf: Based on observing the testis.
(ii) Female calf: Based on observing the vulva. c) Classify of case according to age
The age of study calves were determined from the resister book of farm. From birth to 3 months of diseases calves were consider and divided into the following two groups:
(i) Birth to 3 weeks: Based on birth record from resister books.
(ii) 4 weeks to 3 months: Based on birth record from resister books.
d) Classify of case according to Season
The seasons of diseases occurrence were divided into following four groups:
(i) Spring season (February to April)
(ii) Summer season (May to July)
(iii) Rainy season (August to October)
(iv) Winter season (November to January)
Data analysis
The data generated from this study were entered in Microsoft Excel Worksheet and descriptive statistics were performed. The diseases occurrence rate in different analysis was expressed as percentage. Statistics was performed to calculate the percentages of different variant like age, breed, sex and season. The data were analyzed by chi square test using SPSS soft ware version 17. The variation was considered significant when the P value was less than 0.05 and 0.01.

Source of Information: Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2015, 1 (1), 39-46; ISSN 2411-4472

Article Link (Online Journal): www.ebupress.com/journal/ajmbr

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Various diseases such as diarrhoea, anorexia, fever, navel ill, malnutrition, indigestion, dysentery, traumatic injury, myiasis, atresia ani, alopecia, pneumonia, constipation, conjunctivitis, hernia, lameness, abscess, FMD and blot were common in farm condition of Bangladesh. The occurrence of diarrhoea was higher in dairy farms. More affection was observed in crossbred calves. The occurrence of diseases in calves was higher in male than that of female. Calves with ≤ 3 weeks of age were affected more than > 3 weeks of age. The occurrence of diseases in calves was higher in rainy season. The results demonstrated significant effect of breed, age and season on the occurrence of diseases in calves. Good management is essential to reduce the diseases of new born calf. Therefore; further study is needed to identify the management factors that are responsible for calf diseases which could be improved by changing the management system.

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