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Studies on the Production of Gasoline from Heavy Oil (furnace Oil) by Thermal Cracking

M. S. Jamal
Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka -1205, Bangladesh

Mohammad Ismail
Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

M. Yunus Miah
Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka -1205, Bangladesh

M. Naimul Haque
Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka -1205, Bangladesh

Sujit Kumar Banik
Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka -1205, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Heavy fuel oil (furnace oil) was thermally cracked by thermal cracker under different parametric conditions such as cracking temperature, molar ratio of heavy oil to diesel and cracking time to optimize the yield of the final product. In this thermal cracking process, the yield was gradually increased with the increase in temperature and time. After a certain temperature and time no significant increase in yield was observed. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) was done to observe the percentage of weight loss with increasing temperature. The obtained cracked oil was fractionated by atmospheric vacuum distillation unit. Products obtained from different experiments under different conditions showed almost similar physico-chemical properties. Optimization was done on the basis of yield (%wt). The optimum yield (56.2%) of light petroleum fraction (gasoline) was obtained under the following experimental conditions: cracking temperature: 445OC; molar ratio of furnace oil to diesel 95:05; and cracking time: 30 min. The properties such as density, water content, ash content, pour point, flash point, viscosity, range of boiling point, sulphur content, carbon residue, octane number etc. of the obtained light petroleum fraction were found almost similar to that of the commercial grade gasoline.

Keywords: Furnace oil, Thermal cracking, Gasoline, Thermo gravimetric analysis

Location: Institute of Fuel Research and Development, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Knowledge Management

Non-commodity: Performance

Objectives:

The aim of the present investigation is to produce light petroleum fraction from furnace oil through thermal cracking process for meeting high demand of gasoline, proper utilization of furnace oil and saving of foreign exchange.

Methodology:

The furnace oil was first pre-heated at 105⁰C to remove water. Thermal cracking was carried out in a thermal cracker. Cost consideration of catalyst use & its regeneration in catalytic cracking led the research team to carry out thermal cracking of furnace oil. In future, there is a scope to comparative study of thermal and catalytic cracking of furnace oil with diesel. Cracking was done in batch process. The mixture of furnace oil and diesel were taken into the reactor of the cracker. Heater surrounds the reactor. There is a nozzle in the upper side of the reactor, which is connected with a condenser. No pressure is applied from out side. Since cracking was carried out in closed vessel reactor, an internal pressure of around 1000-1300 psi was formed due to heating. In condenser, the light petroleum fractions obtained by cracking were condensed. Uncondensed gaseous products were passing through a gas flow meter and collected for further investigation. The condensed liquid products were subjected to atmospheric vacuum distillation unit to separate the light petroleum fraction. The distillate (up to 180^OC) was collected as light petroleum fractions whose physico-chemical properties were determined by standard methods to compare with that of commercial gasoline. The gravimetric analysis of furnace oil, cracked residue and light fraction was carried out by TGA (TGA-50, Shimadzu). Heavy metals of the collected light fractions were also analyzed by ICP_OES (Inductive Coupled Plasma _Optical Emission Spectrophotometer).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(4), 473-478, 2009

Article Link (Online Journal): www.banglajol.info

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The overall optimum condition for the thermal cracking of the furnace oil was at molar ratio of furnace to diesel 95:05, temperature 445^OC and time 30 min. In this condition, the yield was 56.2%. Physico-chemical properties such as density, water content, pour point, octane number, carbon residue, ash content, sulphur content etc. of commercial grade gasoline and processed fuel revealed that they possessed almost similar properties. Heavy metal contents of the products were within the acceptable limit. Thus, this investigation will help in meeting high demand of gasoline and thereby saving foreign exchange.

Knowledge Management: Journal