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Productivity of Garlic Under Different Tillage Methods and Mulches in Organic Condition

M. A. Kabir
Professor
Department of Horticulture, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Sci. & Tech. University, Dinajpur

M. A. Rahim
Professor
Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh AgriculturalUniversity (BAU), Mymensingh.

D. A. N. Majumder
Senior Farm Manager
BRAC-Potato Seed Production Program, Birol, Dinajpur.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at the field of USDA-Alliums project, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to study the effect of tillage and mulches on the growth and yield of garlic. The experiment consisted of three tillage conditions (conventional, puddling and zero tillage) and four mulches (control, rice straw, water hyacinth and Curcuma amada leaf). The results revealed that different mulches had remarkable contributions on the growth and yield of garlic. The highest values of growth parameters as well as bulb yield were obtained from rice straw mulch identical with that of water hyacinth mulch. Different tillage also had significant influence on yield and yield contributing traits of garlic. Garlic cultivated under zero tillage showed remarkable variation in terms of percent emergence. Puddling and zero tillage practices resulted in higher yield compared to the conventional tillage. It was also noticed that both the tillage conditions as well as mulches showed profound effects on the yield and yield contributing parameters. Moreover, the highest net return (Tk. 196647 /ha) and the highest BCR of 2.90 was obtained from zero tillage with rice straw.

Keywords: Tillage, Mulches, Growth, Productivity, Garlic.

Location: Horticulture Farm, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-00-2009

End Date: 00-00-2009

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Garlic

Objectives:

To observe the effect of tillage and mulches on the yield and yield contributing characters of garlic.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Farm, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh under the Agro-ecological zone of Old Brahmaputra floodplain. The experiment consisted of three tillage conditions (conventional, puddling and zero tillage) and three mulches (rice straw, water hyacinth and sotty leaf mulch). It was laid out in a split plot design assigning tillage treatments in the main plot and mulches in the sub plot with three replications. In the conventional tillage, a good tilth of soil was made by four ploughings followed by laddering and puddling was made by two ploughings followed by irrigation. On the other hand, in the zero tillage conditions the plot was arranged without any tillage practices. The chemical compositions of the soils were analyzed at the Laboratory of Soil Resources Development Institute, Dhaka (soil pH of the lands were 6.15, 6.34 and 6.83, and organic matter contents were 2.86, 2.98 and 3.52%, respectively in conventional, puddling and zero tillage). The initial soil moistures of the lands were 27.69, 36.13.and 72.10%, respectively. Only organic manure was used in the experiment and @ 20 t/ha cow dung was applied as a basal dose (Kabir, 2011a; Kabir, 2011b). In case of conventional tillage and puddling conditions, cow dung was applied in the plot and mixed well with the soil by spading. But under zero tillage conditions, it was applied on the soil. BAU garlic-1 was used as the test materials and the cloves of garlic were planted on 27 November, 2008. Immediately after planting, 10cm thick rice straw, water hyacinth and sotty leaf mulch (Curcuma amada) were used in respective plots as per experimental specification. The emergence of plants was recorded by counting total number of emerged plants per plot. The crop was always kept under careful observation. Irrigation was applied according to the moisture status of the soil. Ten plants were selected at random from each plot and plant heights (cm), no. of leaves per plant, leaf area (cm²) were recorded. Length and breadth of the leaf was measured and leaf area was calculated (leaf length × leaf breadth × 0.72) according to the method developed by (Djordje et al., 2011 and Hunt, 1978). Growth parameters were recorded at 20 days interval from 30 to 110 days after planting. Moreover, after fifteen days of planting and before harvesting of the crop the soil moisture status of the lands were estimated due to the variations of mulches. The crop was harvested on the 30 march, 2009. Yield of bulb per plot was measured and it was converted into yield per hectare in metric ton. The data were recorded on percent dry matter of leaves, bulbs and roots, bulbs diameter (cm), no. of cloves per bulb, yield of bulb per plot (kg) and yield of bulb per hectare (t/ha). The collected data were statistically analyzed and the mean differences were tested by the Least Significant Difference test (LSD) (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(1): 53-66, March 2016, ISSN 0258-7122 (Print), 2408-8293 (Online)

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJAR/article/view/27667/18436

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Furthermore, rice straw mulch prevented the weeds and thus plants grew without any competition. The results revealed that different mulches had remarkable contributions on the growth and yield of garlic. The highest values of growth parameters as well as bulb yield were obtained from rice straw mulch identical with that of water hyacinth mulch. Different tillage also had significant influence on yield and yield contributing traits of garlic. Garlic cultivated under zero tillage showed remarkable variation in terms of percent emergence. Puddling and zero tillage practices resulted in higher yield compared to the conventional tillage. It was also noticed that both the tillage conditions as well as mulches showed profound effects on the yield and yield contributing parameters. Moreover, the highest net return (Tk. 196647 /ha) and the highest BCR of 2.90 was obtained from zero tillage with rice straw. Garlic production under zero tillage with water hyacinth mulch gave the next highest net return of Tk.193703 and gave second highest BCR of 2.87. So, garlic cultivation under zero tillage covering either by rice straw or water hyacinth mulch was a very advantageous production system.

Knowledge Management: Journal