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Regeneration Diversity of Mangrove Species Inside Sonneratia Apetala Plantations Along the Coastal Belt of Bangladesh

Sk. Ahiul Islam
Plantation Trial Unit Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Rupatoli, Barisal - 8207 , Bangladesh

Md. Abdul Quddus Miah
Plantation Trial Unit Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Rupatoli, Barisal-8207, Bangladesh

Md. Ahsan Habib
Plantation Trial Unit Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Rupatoli, Barisal-8207, Bangladesh

Md. Golam Rasul
Plantation Trial Unit Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Rupatoli, Barisal-8207, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Large scale coastal plantations with Sonneratia apetala have been established by the Forest Department along the coastline of Bangladesh since 1966. A study was conducted to assess the present stocking and growth performance of this species and status of naturally regenerated mangrove species inside S. apetala plantations. The study was carried out from 17-42 years old S. apetala stands at 20 small islands (chars) of 4 major locations namely Rangabali (Patuakhali), Char Kukri-Mukri (Bhola), Sitakundu (Chittagong) and Hatiya (Noakhali) of Bangladesh. The data on tree density, height and diameter were recorded from originally planted S. apetala plantations. The data on naturally regenerated mangrove species (seedlings, saplings, poles and trees) were also counted from afforested S. apetala plantations. The density of afforested S. apetala per hectare area was ranged between 311-2178 trees, tree height ranged between 6.37-20.66m and diameter at breast height (dbh) ranged between 17.32-34.02cm at different chars. Totals of 6, 9, 6 and 1 different regenerated mangrove species were found to occur naturally inside S. apetala plantations at Rangabali, Char Kukri-Mukri, Sitakundu and Hatiya sites respectively. The most abundant regenerated species was Excoecaria agallocha in all sites. Others important species were Heritiera fomes, Avicennia officinalis, Bruguiera sexangula at Rangabali; Aegiceras corniculatum, A. officinalis, H. fomes, Phoenix paludosa at Char Kukri-Mukri and Ceriops decandra, A. corniculatum, Tamarix indica, A. officinalis at Sitakundu site. This natural regeneration could be a second rotation multi-storied sustainable mangrove forest in the coastal belt of Bangladesh.

Keywords: Sonneratia apetala, Growth, Mangrove species, Regeneration and Coastal belt

Location: Rangabali (Patuakhali), Char Kukri-Mukri (Bhola), Sitakundu (Chittagong) and Hatiya (Noakhali) of Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Keora

Objectives:

To assess the present stocking and growth performance of S. apetala, and
To assess the status of naturally regenerated mangrove species inside S. apetala plantations

Methodology:

Study sites: The coastal zone of Bangladesh covers an area of 47,201 k m² includes 19 coastal districts out of 64 districts of Bangladesh. The study was conducted in 4 major locations under 4 coastal districts of the eastern and western coastal belt. The study locations were Char Kukri-Mukri island under Bhola district and Rangabali island under Patuakhali district of the western coastal belt; Hatiya island under Noakhali Districtand Sitakundu area under Chittagong district of the eastern coastal belt. It lies between latitude 22⁰20'-22⁰51' N and longitude 90⁰39'-91⁰51' E. Every year newly accreted lands are added in the coastal belt. The are a forms the lowest landmass and is part of the delta of the extended Himalayan drainage ecosystem. The lands capes have been for med by the combined actions of the th ree mighty rivers the Meghna, the Brahmaputra and the Ganges. These landscapes are low-lying lands, estuaries and inlands a long the seacoast. Erosion and accretion are common phenomenon in the coastal areas. Coastal saline soils occur in the river delta sa long the sea coast, a few kilometers to 180 kilometers. Salinity of the soil and water at this region decreases toward north and increases to wards east and west taking Bhola district in the center. In monsoon, water salinity ranges from 0.3-2.7% while in the dry season from 1.0-3.3% (Siddiqi and Khan, 1990). Soil pH is slightly or moderately alkaline (7. 5 - 8.0). Soil salinity ranges from 0.5 -9.9 dS/m at Patuakhali, 0.3-31.5 dS/m at Noakhali and 4.7-26.5 dS/m at Chittagong district. Soil of the site is non-calcareous, grey floodplain and silt-clay-loam. The climate is humid. Temperatures range between 18 and 32⁰C. The amount of rainfall is 3000 mm at Bhola, 2500-3000mm at Patuakhali, 2500mm at Noakhali and 2500 - 3000mm at Chittag ong district (FAO, 1988) .

Data collection: The survey was carried out in 20 small isl ands (chars) belongs to 4 major locations through establishing Temporary Sample Plots (TSP). In each location, 27 TSPs were established and thus a total of 108 TSPs were established at 4 study locations. For conducting this survey, the plot size of eac h TSP w a s 5m x 5 m (25m²). The TSP plots were randomly selected in various age groups over 20 small chars. Data on the number of naturally occurring seedlings, saplings, poles and trees of different mangrove species were recorded from February-June 2014. Seedlings were noted and counted up to 0.5m in height, saplings were 0.51-1.0 m, poles were 1.1-3.0 m and trees were above 3.0 m in height. More over, data on the number of originally planted S. apetala trees, tree height and diameter at breast height (dbh) were also recorded.

Analysis of data: The data of different growth parameters and regeneration status of mangrove species were computed and analyzed using Excel and Minitab statistical packages. Data were analyzed statistically through one-way Duncan multiple range tests at 5% significance level to compare the tree density, height and diameter growth

Source of Information: Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, Vol. 05, Issue 02:80-87, 2015, eISSN:2312-7945

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.journalbinet.com/uploads/2/1/0/0/21005390/regeneration_diversity_of_mangrove_species_inside_sonneratia_apetala_plantations_along_the_coastal_belt_of_bangladesh.pdf

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Bangladesh is a pioneer country for mangrove afforestation mainly with S. apetala in the coastal belt. At the initial stage of plantations, many seedlings were disappeared or died due to dynamic coastal environment and animal interferences. As a result gaps are created in the afforested S. apetala plantations. On the other hand, the life cycle of S. apetala is short (20 years rotation) and can be grown only new accretions, where inundation occurs regularly. In the older plantations, the lands are rising up and becoming unfavorable for the growth of this pioneer species. There fore, it needs to create a second generation forest for further continuation of coastal mangrove forests. It is very interesting that, huge seedlings of some other important mangrove species naturally appeared inside S. apetala plantations in almost all along the coastal belt. Furthermore, it is necessary to protect and conserve the mangrove species regeneration for creating second generation sustainable forests in the coastline. It could be a long term mangrove shelter belt to reduce the impact of climate change as well as the important habitat of wild animals and birds .

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