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Toxicity of Chloroform Extracts of Derris Indica Bennet. Against Callosobruchus Maculatus (f.) Adults

Omar Ali Mondal
Department of Zoology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Nurul Islam
Department of Zoology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The LD₅₀ values for the root bark, root wood, seed, stem bark and stem wood extracts were 2.506-, 1.369-, 0.399-, 134.094- and 2.883 mg cm^-2 for 24 hours of exposure. The regression equations, χ2 values and 95% confidence limits for the respective extracts were calculated. The fruit shell and the leaf extract didn't show any mortality. The intensity of activity of the extracts could be arranged in a descending order as seed > root wood > root bark > stem wood > stem bark.

Keywords: Toxicity, Derris indica, Chloroform extract, Callosobruchus maculatus

Location: Department of Zoology, University of Rajshahi

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Insecticide

Objectives:

To study toxicity of chloroform extracts of Derris indica Bennet. against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) adults

Methodology:

Preparation of plant materials for extraction: The fresh leaves, fruit shell, root bark, root wood, seeds, stem bark, and stem wood of D. indica were collected from Rajshahi University Campus. Leaves: After collection the leaves were spread out to dry without heaping the material together under the shade avoiding direct sunshine. Fruit shell: Fruits were picked and the shells were opened to remove the seeds for the collection of fruitshells and spread them out to dry under a shade. Root bark: Root bark was collected by striping from the stem and cut into small pieces as thin as possible. After collection barks were dried thoroughly in a well ventilated room. Root wood: The root-wood was collected and cut into small pieces and dried. Seeds: Having peeling out the fruit shells the seeds were cut into small pieces and spread out under a shade to dry. Stem bark: Stem bark was collected by striping from the stem and cut into small thin pieces and dry thoroughly. Stem wood: The stem-wood was collected and cut into small thin pieces and dried as described above. After drying the plant materials were powdered in a grinder machine. Chemical extraction of the plant parts: The ground dried D. indica leaves, fruit shell, root bark, root wood, seeds, stem bark, and stem-wood were extracted with sufficient amount of chloroform (500g × 1500ml × 3 times) by the cool method after 72 hours of plunging. Extracts, thus obtained were filtered and concentrated to dry out while only as residue was left and kept in a refrigerator after labeling. Preparation of doses: A concentration for each of the extracts was selected as 2 g/2ml as the stock dose for surface film application to make other successive doses by serial dilution to give 0.708, 0.354, 0.177, 0.088 and 0.044 mg/cm² for seed extract; 1.769, 0.885, 0.442, 0.221 and 0.110 mg/cm² for root bark, stem bark and stem wood extracts and 1.417, 0.708, 0.354, 0.177 and 0.088 mg/cm² for root wood extract. Application of doses: All extracts were diluted with the solvents and the actual amount of extracted material in a dose was recorded and applied by residual film method. For each dose one ml of mixture was dropped on a petri dish (90 mm) in such a way that it made a uniform film over the petri dish. The petri dishes were air-dried leaving the extract on it. The actual extract present in one ml mixture was calculated and dividing the value by the area of the petri dish the dose per square centimeter was calculated. Ten C. maculatus adults (3-5 day old) were released in each petri dish with 3 replications. A control batch was also maintained. Observation of mortality: The mortality of C. maculatus was observed every 24 h. A simple microscope was used to check each and every beetle by tracing natural movement of its organs. In some cases hot needle was taken closer to the bodies (without movement) to confirm death. Statistical analysis: The analysis was done by following standard method.

Source of Information: Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 27, 2008 pp. 95-96 ISSN 1023-6104

Article Link (Online Journal): http://journals.sfu.ca/bd/index.php/UJZRU

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The intensity of activity of the extracts could be arranged in a descending order as seed > root wood > root bark > stem wood > stem bark.

Knowledge Management: Journal