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Study on Feeding Effect of Dietary Protein Sources of on Blood or Milk Urea Nitrogen in Native Cows

N. R. Sarker
Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka-1341.

K. S. Huque
Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka-1341.

M. Asaduzzaman
Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka-1341.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A feeding trial with 30 Pabna milking cows of 2 to 4 parities dividing equally into 5 groups was conducted to determine the effect of feeding protein from different sources on blood or milk urea nitrogen, and milk yield or protein content in native cows. Considering a group of cows fed a diet of rice straw and concentrate as the control (T₀), two out of the rests were fed either with urea-molasses straw (UMS) (T₁) or Matikalai (Vigna mungo) hay (T₂) as sources of basal roughage. The rest two groups of cows were fed the control diet replacing percent (%) of feed protein by the amount of urea and molasses fed to UMS group. The amount of urea and molasses was fed daily either in two meals (T₃) or fed to cows mixing with other concentrate feed (T₄). Feeding a basal diet of UMS, DS or leguminous hay did not affect milk protein (%) and daily milk production Feeding urea and molasses in meals or mix (T₃ and T₄) did not affect significantly (p>0.05) BSU and MUN contents. It indicates that feeding urea and molasses in two meals in a day either as a single mix of the two or as a mix of the two with concentrates significantly (p>0.05) reduced the concentration of BSU or MUN without having any change in milk protein (%) of the cows. Dry matter (DM) intake was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T₁ treatment group followed by T4, T 0, T 3 and T 2 , respectively. Similarly, CP intake was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T1 and T 2 treatment groups followed by T₃and T₄ treatment groups. The values of CP intake were 490, 770, 760, 630 and 580 g/day for treatment groups T₀, T₁, T₂, T₃, and T₄, respectively. Feedings urea and molasses as meals (T₃) significantly (p<0.05) reduced the fat content in milk compared with other treatment groups. Similar to T₃, UMS feeding also significantly (p<0.05) reduced fat content in milk compared to Matikalai hay and T₄treatment groups. Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content in morning milk was lower compared to evening milk. These data showed that feeding urea or protein of organic sources had effect on BSU and MUN contents in the morning milk but had no significant effect on evening milk. The lower BSU or MUN content in milk of the cows fed urea and molasses either in daily meals or as mix with concentrates may be due mainly to a lower CP intake compared to UMS and Matikalai. Therefore, it may be concluded that feeding urea or organic protein had no significant effect on milk protein percent.

Keywords: Blood urea nitrogen, Milk urea nitrogen, Urea molasses straw, Meals & mix

Location: Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cow

Objectives:

To investigate of different sources of protein on milk urea nitrogen and serum urea nitrogen in native dairy cows.

Methodology:

To determine the effect of feeding different sources of protein on plasma or milk urea nitrogen in milk, a feeding trial on 30 Pabna milking cows of 2 to 4 parities dividing equally into 5 groups was conducted to determine the effect of feeding of different sources of protein (organic or in-organic) on blood or milk urea nitrogen, and milk yield or protein content. Considering a group of cows fed a diet of rice straw and concentrate as the control (T₀), two out of the rests was fed either with urea-molasses straw (UMS) (T₁) or Matikalai (Vigna mungo) hay (T₂) as sources of basal roughage. The rest two groups of cows were fed the control diet replacing % of feed protein by the amount of urea and molasses fed to UMS group. The amount of urea and molasses was fed daily either in two meals (T₃) or fed to cows mixing with other concentrate feed (T₄). All the cows were kept in individual stalls, roughages were fed ad libitum and concentrate mixture containing 45% wheat bran, 24% Khesari bran, 12% Til oil cake, 12% soybean meal, 4% fishmeal, 2.0% oyster-shell, 0.5% DCP and 0.5% common salt, was supplied twice daily. Having adjusted the cows with the diets for 20 days, a 20 days feeding trial was conducted, when feed intake and samples of blood and milk were collected. Milk samples were collected from individual cow after feeding the experimental diets in the morning and evening milking. Samples were collected from milk bucket after complete milking and mixing thoroughly. In a container, 1500 g urea and 12 kg molasses were dissolved in 25 litre of water that made up urea molasses solution. This solution was then sprinkled into 50 kg rice straw and urea molasses rice straw (UMS) was packed in a heap and covered with polythene sheet. Urea molasses straw was fed to the experimental cows’ ad libitum basis and supplied thrice in a day. Urea molasses straw was prepared everyday as per the requirements of cows. Samples were analyzed for milk urea content (MUN) using a Colorimetric p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB) method. Milk samples were warmed at room temperature (30°C) and mixed well. Milk (10 ml) was de-proteinsed with 12% TCA solution (10 ml), allowed to stand for one hour and filtered through a Whatman paper No. 1. Centrifuged the filtrate at 3000 x g for 30 minutes. Clear supernatant (2 ml) was mixed with 2 ml of DMAB reagent (1.6 g DMAB+ 90 ml ethanol + 10 ml concentrate HCl). Spectrophotometer absorbance was taken at 425 nm. Concentration of MUN in milk was calculated. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein of a cow after feeding the diets using heparinised tubes. Immediately after collection, samples were placed on ice and refrigerated for 1.0 h. followed by centrifugation. Plasma was removed and serum samples were analyzed for urea content (BSU) using a colorimetric method. Daily feed intake was measured by deducting the amount of feed remained in the manger in each day from the total feed supplied. The feed samples were collected daily, composited and analyzed for nutrient composition using methods described by AOAC (2004). The animals were adjusted to their diets for 20 days before starting the actual feeding experiment. De-worming and spraying against mites and other external parasites were done before the trial. During the feeding trial, the animals were individually confined in their respective feeding stall. The experimental cows were watched everyday in the morning and stalls were cleaned two times in a day before milking. During the adjustment period, the amounts of feed given to the animals were increased gradually until they reached to a constant level of forage intake required for each treatment. Feed was offered to the animals thrice in a day, at 8:00 am , 12:00 am and 4:00 pm. The concentrate was given in the morning and afternoon before feeding the roughages and milking. Fresh drinking water was made available to the animals at all times. A digestibility trial was conducted at the mid of the experimental period to determine the digestibility of nutrients. At the mid of the feeding trial, a digestion trial was conducted with 5 days collection period of fecal output on the same stall. During the digestibility trial, data were recorded on the daily amount of feed offered, residues left and faces voided. The total amount of feces voided for 24 hours by the individual animal was collected quantitatively at 8:00 a.m. daily. It was weighed and representative samples of each animal were put in polythene bags and 1/20 th the fresh daily sample was taken for dry matter and crude protein analysis. The fecal samples were collected daily and stored in refrigerator (-20⁰C) for their further chemical analysis. Feces samples of 5 days collection were mixed and 10% sample was used for chemical analysis. Data were analyzed by using General Linear Model Procedures of SPSS computerized software to determine treatment effects. When treatment effect was significant, Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used to test significant differences among the treatment means.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 19(1-2): 85-96, Jan-Dec 2012.

Article Link (Online Journal): http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjlr.v19i1-2.26430

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results showed that feeding urea or protein of organic sources had effect on BSU and MUN contents in morning milk and had no significant effect on evening milk. The lower BSU or MUN content in milk of cows fed urea and molasses either in daily meals or mix with concentrate may be due to lower CP intake compared to UMS and matikalai. Therefore, it may be concluded that feeding urea or organic protein had no significant effect on milk protein percent.

Knowledge Management: Journal