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Chemical and Microbial Qualities of Morning and Evening Milk Collected from Selected Dairy Farms in Chittagong City of Bangladesh

S Akter
Department of Medicine and Surgery, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

MAA Galib
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh .

H kabir
Department of Medicine and Surgery, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

S K Nath
Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi 4225, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

K Afrin
Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi 4225, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

MS Sarker
Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi 4225, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study was undertaken to evaluate the nutritional and microbiological qualities of raw milk in the Chittagong City. Eighty samples of raw milk of cow were collected in the morning and evening from the surrounding farms of Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Chittagong, Bangladesh. The results of compositional analysis evolved that fat, SNF, protein, lactose, specific gravity, freezing point and mineral were (3.94±0.22%), (7.91±0.17%), (3.11±0.08%), (4.32±0.10%), (1.026±0.00), (-0.46±0.007), (0.68±0.01%), respectively . The fat % of evening milk was significantly higher (p‹0.001) than morning milk. Rest of the parameters were not significant. Microbiological enumeration revealed for the counts of total viable bacteria (cfu/ml) and coliform (cfu/ml) were 730500 ±639 and 280±1.36 in the morning milk and 628625±566 and 326±1.84 in the evening milk, respectively. The results of the current study indicated that the nutritional quality of evening raw milk was higher than in the morning raw milk.

Keywords: Morning milk, Evening milk, Quality, Chittagong City

Location: Dairy science Laboratory belongs to the Department of Dairy and poultry Science at Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU).

Start Date: 05-09-2013

End Date: 10-10-2013

Program Area: Quality and Nutrition

Commodity: Cattle

Objectives:

To evaluate the nutritional and microbial qualities of morning and evening milk of cow collected from the surrounding farms of CVASU.

Methodology:

The study was carried out in Dairy science Laboratory belongs to the Department of Dairy and poultry Science at Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), during a period from 5th September to 10^th October 2013. A total number of 80 samples of raw milk were collected in the morning (40 samples) and in the evening (40 samples). All the samples were collected from surrounding farms of CVASU campus (Jalalabad, Foy’s lake area). The nutritional and microbiological qualities of each sample were analyzed. Raw milk samples were collected from the bulks sources of fluid raw milk through proper mixing with the help of plunger and dipper at morning and evening from each farm. Soon after collection the samples were kept into the ice box for ceasing the growth and activity of acid producing organisms and trans ported to the laboratory. The collected milk samples were kept in the refrigerator at 40°C until the tests were conducted. Before analysis each sample was pre warmed for few minutes at 600°C. Physio- chemical properties (specific gravity, fat percentage, SNF percentage, protein percentage, lactose percentage, Freezing point and Mineral percentage) were determined by Lactoster machine (Germany). TVC were done as per recommendation of APHA (1967). In brief, Bacto agar was used for enumeration of SPC. Each raw milk sample was prepared by ten fold dilution using peptone buffered water. To determine the SPC, using sterile pipette to transfer and to spread of 0.1 ml of each dilution on agar surface. Inoculated plates were incubated at 37°C for 48 hours to facilitate viable bacterial growth. After incubation, the colonies were counted. The number of colonies from an individual dilution was multiplied by the dilution factor to obtain the TVC and total count was ex pressed as colony forming units per milliliter (cfu /ml). The medium used for coliform was Violet Red Bile agar (VRB). Inoculated plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Then, typical pinkish and red colonies were counted and total coliform was calculated. SPSS (Version-16) statistical software was used for the calculation of mean, standard error, correlation coefficient®, t-test and significant value (p).

Source of Information: Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2015. 44 (3):171-175.

Article Link (Online Journal): http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v44i3.26368

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Results of this study showed the chemical and microbial qualities of milk from different local farms. The presence of bacterial population in raw milk indicates defect during collection and processing of milk. The presence of the pathogenic organisms and the high counts of coliforms in milk are indicative of a potentially hazardous product which is likely to be posing a serious health risk to the consumers. Fat protein ratio was in acceptable range. Evening milk was found superior than morning milk due to high chemical composition. The government therefore should conduct frequent inspection of the marketed milks to check whether they meet the minimum legal standards and should monitor the overall hygienic condition surrounding the production and handling of milk. Realistic standards for the raw milks need to be devised and appropriate training should be given to the raw milk producers in hygienic handling of milk.

Knowledge Management: Journal