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Phenophases of Five Mangrove Species of the Sundarbans of Bangladesh

Md. Masudur Rahman
Mangrove Silviculture Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Muzgunni, Khulna-9000, Bangladesh.

Sk. Ahiul Islam
Plantation Trial Unit Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, Rupatoli, Barisal-8207, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The phenological parameters of five mangrove species such as Sundri (Heritiera fomes), Gewa (Excoecaria agallocha), Kankra (Bruguiera sexangula), Goran (Ceriops decandra) and Passur (Xylocarpus mekongensis) were studied during 2005 - 2014 at three ecological zones of the Sundarbans of Bangladesh. Appropriate annual time for leaf emergence, leaf shedding, flowering, fruiting and dropping time of fruit/ propagules were determined. The phenological parameters of E. agallocha, B. sexangula, C. decandra and X. mekongensis were found almost same in three salinity zones. It has been established that the duration of flowering, fruiting and dropping time of H. fomes was shorter in the less saline zone but longer in the strongly saline zone.

Keywords: Phenophases, Sundarbans, Mangrove, Ecosystem and Vegetation.

Location: Three ecological zones of the Sundarbans of Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2005

End Date: 00-00-2014

Program Area: Conservation and Biodiversity

Commodity: Passur, Gewa, Sundari

Objectives:

To know the phenological events of the five mangrove tree species and variation in three salinity zones of the Sundarbans which is important to understand changes in activity in the mangrove ecosystem and also for sustainable management of this forest.

Methodology:

Based on pre-monsoon and post-monsoon salinity levels of major rivers in the Sundarbans, three well recognized salinity zones viz. oligohaline (0-5 ppt), mesohaline (5-18 ppt) and polyhaline (>18 ppt) were used in the study. Five major mangrove tree species H. fomes, E. agallocha, B. sexangula, C. decandra and X. mekongensis were selected for phenological studies. Experiments were laid out in compartment Nos. 01 and 24 of the less saline zone, Compartment Nos. 31 and 32 of moderately saline zone and Compartment Nos. 31 and 32 of strongly saline zone. In every salinity zone, five trees per species with different diameter classes were randomly selected for data collection. The trees were numbered by tin plates and marked at dbh level (1.3m) by red band with enamel paint. Fresh numbering and repainting were done once in a year. The date of leaf emergence, leaf shedding, flowering, fruiting and fruit/propagule dropping of the selected trees for each species were recorded throughout the year from 2005 to 2014. Essential for the observer are the observation forms, observation guidelines and binoculars for large trees.

Source of Information: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BUSINESS, SOCIAL AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, Volume: 4, Issue: 1, Page: 77-82, October-December 2015 ISSN: 2309-7892,

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.ijbssr.com/currentissueview/14013130

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Leaf appearance and leaf shedding time of E. agallocha in all salinity zones of the Sundarbans is same and there is no variation for X. mekongensis in relation to salinity zones. Flowering, fruiting and seed/propagule dropping period of E. agallocha, B. sexangula, C. decandra and X. mekongesis have been found almost same in three saline zones i. e. all over the Sundarbans. But propagule dropping period of B. sexangula in the strongly saline zone have been observed longer than less and moderately saline zones. It is noted that propagule dropping period of C. decandra in the strongly saline zone is shorter than less and moderately saline zones. The duration of flowering, fruiting and dropping time of sundri is shorter in the less saline zone but longer in the strongly saline zone. Phenological aspects of plants involve the observation, recording and interpretation of the timing of their life history events. The present study is completely qualitative, so, further studies on quantitative parameters of phenological characteristics of the species including other important mangrove species are recommended.

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