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Efficacy of Some Botanicals Against Pulse Beetle, Callosobruchus Maculatus (fab.) on Stored Green Gram, Vigna Radiata

M. A. MIAH
Department of Entomology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali

M. R. ALI
Department of Entomology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207

A. HUSNA
Department of Biotechnology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali

M. M. I. MOLLAH
Department of Entomology, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Insecticidal efficacy of some botanicals, Neem (Azadiracta indica) oil, Castor (Ricinus communis) oil, Camphor (Cinamomum camphora), Neem leaf powder, Castor leaf powder and Bankolmi (Ipomoea sepiara) leaf powder were tested on green gram (Vigna radiata) against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus in the laboratory. Among the botanicals, Camphor @ 2 gm kg^-1 seeds, Neem oil @ 8 ml kg^-1 seeds and Castor oil @ 8 ml kg^-1 seeds performed best in respect of per cent reduction of oviposition, egg hatching, larval and pupal development, grain damage and grain content loss while partial reduction occurred by Neem leaf powder, Castor leaf powder and Bankolmi leaf powder. The order of effectiveness among the botanicals was Camphor > Neem oil > Castor oil > Neem leaf powder > Castor leaf powder > Bankolmi leaf powder. Considering the germination of seeds, there was no significant effect of Camphor, Neem oil and Castor oil treated seeds, while considerable germination reduced in Neem, Castor and Bankolmi leaf powder at 5% w/w treated seeds. It indicated that leaf
powder of different botanicals was less effective against pulse beetle development compared to the different oils of botanicals

Keywords: Efficacy, Botanicals, Callosobruchus maculatus, Green gram.

Location: Dept. of Entomology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka,

Start Date: 00-03-2008

End Date: 00-10-2008

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Extract (plant, seed)

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken to screen some botanicals with a view to explore the insecticidal properties against pulse beetles in stored green gram.

Methodology:

The efficacy of some botanicals was evaluated in storage condition in the laboratory under the Dept. of Entomology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from March to October, 2008. Rearing and maintenance of test insects: Test insects (Pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus) used in the present investigation were obtained from stock cultures in the laboratory of the Depatartment of Entomology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University. Stock culture of C. maculatus was maintained on green gram seeds in plastic jars covered with cloth in the same laboratory. One hundred pairs of C. maculatus were introduced into a plastic container (12 cm dia. 14 cm height) containing 200 gm of de-infested seeds. The mouth of the containers was covered with perforated plastic lids. The insects were allowed to mate and lay eggs for 24 hours, after which sieving was done to separate the adult beetles. The green gram seeds with eggs left on the sieve were kept for adult emergence. One-day-old (0-24 hours) adults were used for study. The rearing procedure was repeated in different batches to ensure continuous supply of the adults with required eggs. Identification of male and female: Male and female beetles were sorted out under simple microscope by their antennal characteristics, size and shape of the body. Preparation of seeds: Seeds of green gram (Vigna radiata Walp), variety Barisal Local (Local variety) were used for the present study as most susceptible hosts to C. maculatus i.e. as food of pulse beetle. Seeds were cleaned and disinfested by keeping the seeds at 0^oC for 14 days prior to use. Test botanicals: Collection and preparation: Six botanicals were used as test insecticides. Among them, Neem (Azadirachta indica) oil and Castor (Ricinus communis) oil were applied @ 8 ml/kg, leaf powder of Neem, Castor and Bankolmi (Ipomoea sepiara) were applied @ 5% w/w and Camphor (Cinamomum camphora) was used @ 2 g/kg. All the botanicals were tested against C. maculatus on the seeds of Barisal local variety as the most susceptible host. Among the tested botanicals, Neem oil, Castor oil and Camphor were bought from the local market whereas the leaves of the tested botanicals were collected from University campus. Collected leaves and seeds were dried under ambient room temperature (27°C-34°C) and then ground separately by a hand grinder and sieved through a 60-mesh sieve to get fine powder.Insecticidal property test of botanicals on pulse beetle: Two hundred gram (200g) of green gram seeds (Barisal local) were taken separately for each treatment in a round plastic pot (12 cm dia. 14 cm height) and specific botanicals were mixed thoroughly by hand shaking. Ten pairs (male and female) of one day old healthy adults of C. maculatus were released in each of the plastic pots. The plastic pot was covered with their lids and kept at room temperature (27°C-34°C) in the laboratory for 45 days. The developmental stages were also observed and the data were recorded. The weight of the grains was recorded after 50 days of release of pulse beetles. The experimental data were analyzed by ANOVA-1 in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications and the means were separated by DMRT.

Source of Information: Bangladesh j. entomol. (2013) 23 (1), 11-20

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From these findings it was revealed that Camphor @ 2 gm/kg seeds, Neem oil @ 8 ml/kg seeds and Castor oil @ 8 ml/kg treated seeds performed best in considering the percent reduction of egg deposition, egg hatching, larval and pupal development, damaged seed and grain content loss applied against C. maculatus infesting Barisal local variety of green gram. The effectiveness of the treatments was found in the following order: Camphor > Neem oil) > Castor oil > Neem leaf powder > Castor leaf powder > Bankolmi leaf powder > Untreated control. Germination tests were done at initial and 50 days after release (about two life cycles) of insects to evaluate the seed viability. Per cent germination of fresh seeds ranged from 90 to 91.80%, while after 50 days of treatment, the highest per cent germination ranged from 90 to 90.50% in Camphor (90.50%) treated seeds, followed by Neem (90%) and Castor oil (90%). On the other hand, the lowest per cent germination was recorded in untreated control (7.33%). Per cent germination ranged from 12 to 16.33 in other treatments. From the findings it was revealed that there were no significant effects of Camphor, Neem oil and Castor oil in reducing the viability of green gram seeds.

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