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Effect of Deep Placement of Nitrogen Fertilizers on Rice Yield and N Use Efficiency Under Water Regimes

S. Das
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. R. Islam
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. Sultana
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

H. Afroz
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. A. Hashem
Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiments were conducted at the Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during boro season of 2013 to evaluate the effect of deep placement of nitrogen (N) fertilizers on rice yield and N use efficiency under two different water regimes [continuous flooding (CF) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD)]. After deep placement of USG and NPK briquettes and each split application of PU, the water samples were collected for five consecutive days and analyzed for ammonium-Nitrogen (NH₄-N) concentration. In both water regimes the floodwater NH₄-N concentration gave highest value at the second day of PU application followed by gradual decrease with time and in continuous flooding condition the release of NH₄-N was higher compared to AWD condition. Deep placement of N fertilizers also increased grain yield under AWD compared to CF condition and the maximum value was obtained in treatment T₅ [USG 78 kg N ha^-1 + PM 3 t ha^-1] statistically similar to T₃ [USG, 156 kg N ha^-1]. Due to application USG and NPK briquettes, the N uptake and N use efficiency also gave higher values in AWD compared to CF condition. The results revealed that the deep placement of USG with poultry manure performed better in terms yield, N uptake and N use efficiency by BRRI dhan29 under AWD condition. So, the deep placement of USG under AWD condition could be recommended for higher production of boro rice.

Keywords: Deep placement of N, flood water ammonium, Rice yield, Nitrogen use efficiency, Continuous flooding (CF), Alternate wetting and drying (AWD)

Location: Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

Start Date: 00-00-2013

End Date: 00-00-2013

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To examine the effect of deep placement of N fertilizer on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of boro rice under two different water regimes.

Methodology:

Two experiments were conducted under continuous flooded (CF) and AWD conditions with similar N fertilizer treatment at the Soil Science Field Laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to evaluate the effect of water regimes on the yield and N use efficiency in boro rice. The soil belongs to Sonatala series under the AEZ-9 (Old Brahmaputra Floodplain). The soils were silt loam in texture. In AWD condition, the soil had pH 6.07, organic matter content 1.10%,total N 0.055%, available P 3.8 ppm, exchangeable K 0.24 meq% and available S 12.56 ppm. In continuous flooding condition the soil had pH 6.27, organic matter content 1.95%, total N 0.136%, available P 3.16 ppm, exchangeable K 0.095 meq% and available S 10.5 ppm. There were 7 treatments consisting of different sources of N and these include- T₁ = Control, T₂ = PU 156 kg N ha^-1, T₃ = USG 156 kg N ha^-1, T₄ = USG 104 kg N ha^-1, T₅= USG 78 kg N ha^-1 + PM 3 t ha^-1, T₆= USG 78 kg N ha^-1+ CD 3 t ha^-1 and T₇ = NPK briquette 102 kg ha^-1. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Forty day old rice seedlings were transplanted to the plots maintaining a spacing of 20 cm × 20 cm. Fertilizers were applied as per treatment. All the treatments except T₇ received 20 kg P and 50 kg K ha^-1 from TSP and MoP, respectively. T₇ received NPK briquette fertilizer. Gypsum was applied to all the plots as basal dose as sulphur. PU was applied in three equal splits as top dress at 10 days after transplanting (DAT); 35 DAT (active tillering stage) and at 55 DAT (panicle initiation stage). USG and NPK briquettes were applied at 10 DAT and were placed at 8-10 cm depth between four hills at alternate rows. Different intercultural operations such as weeding, pest control etc was done when required. In continuous flooded plots water was always maintained at 6 cm depth and thus irrigation were applied as and when necessary. Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) condition was maintained through limited water supply. For proper monitoring a PVC pipe was inserted in control plots and irrigation was provided when the water level goes below 15 cm down from the surface. The first alternating wetting and drying cycle is deployed 10-15 days after transplanting and continued until the commencement of flowering. The wetting/drying cycle consists of flooding the field followed by dry out 15 cm below the soil surface (as observed in the tubes); the field is then re-flooded to 2 cm above the soil surface before next drying cycle begins. Before collecting water sample, irrigation was given to maintain a water depth of about 6 cm and for this reason time to time irrigation was done. The field was supposed to irrigate after 3-5 days of depletion of water from the field in order to maintain reduced water condition (alternate wetting and drying condition), although, it was not always feasible practically due to frequent rains. Water samples were collected for 5 consecutive days after deep placement of USG and NPK briquettes and each split application of PU. The concentration of NH4 -N was determined by Phenol- hypochlorite method. The crop was harvested at full maturity and the data on grain and straw yields were recorded. The grain yield was expressed at 14% moisture basis and straw yield was recorded on sundry basis. The grain and straw samples were analyzed for N content following semi-micro Kjeldahl method. The N uptake by grain and straw was determined from N content and yield data. The N use efficiency (kg grain yield increase kg^-1 N applied) was determined by the following formula: NUE = (Gy + _N - Gy_ON) / FN, Where Gy + _N = grain yield in treatment with N application; Gy_ON = grain yield in treatment without N application and FN = amount of fertilizer N applied (kg ha^-1). The apparent N recovery was calculated by the following formula: ANR (kg ha^-1) = (UN _{+ N} - UN_ON) /FN; where, UN _{+ N} is total N uptake (kg ha^-1) with grain and straw; UN_0N is the N uptake (kg ha^-1) in control; FN is amount of fertilizer N applied (kg ha^-1). All the data were statistically analyzed by F-test and the mean differences were ranked by DMRT at 5% level.

Source of Information: SAARC J. Agri., 13(2): 161-172 (2015)

Article Link (Online Journal): http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v13i2.26577

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The overall results indicated that the treatment comprising T₂, T₃, T₄, T₅ produced the higher grain yield under AWD condition. Similarly, the highest N recovery and N use efficiency were also found in the same treatments as compared to CF condition. This revealed that the deep placement of USG fertilizer under AWD condition enhanced the N use efficiency. On the other hand, T₆, T₇ gave the maximum grain yield, N recovery and N use efficiency under CF condition compared to AWD condition.

Knowledge Management: Journal