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Soil Fertility and Productivity of Sugarcane Influenced by Enriched Pressmud Compost with Chemical Fertilizers

S. M. Bokhtiar
Natural Resources Management Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Dhaka 1215.

S. Roksana
Soil Science Department, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh- 2202, Bangladesh.

A. Z. M. Moslehuddin
Soil Science Department, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh- 2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh to examine the effects of enriched compost with chemical fertilizers on soil fertility and productivity of sugarcane. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with 16 treatments comprising four levels of inorganic fertilizers (100%, 75%, 50% and 0%) and four levels of pressmud (enriched by Trichoderma harzianum @ 7.5 t ha^-1, T. viride @ 7.5 t ha^-1, untreated raw pressmud @ 10 t ha^-1 and control). It was observed that germination (90.34%), total chlorophyll content (2.58 mg g^-1), leaf area index (5.00), dry matter (3.41 kg m^-2), tiller (137.94 × 000 ha^-1), millable cane stalk (99.15 × 000 ha^-1) and yield (111.32 t ha^-1) were found maximum in 100% recommended fertilizer (N₁₅₀ P₅₀ K₉₀ S₃₅ and Zn 4 kg ha^-1) with enriched pressmud which was statistically identical in comparison with 75% and 50% of recommended chemical fertilizers with enriched pressmud. The N (1.47%), K (1.24%) and S (0.17%) contents of leaf tissues were slightly increased with chemical fertilizers + enriched pressmud compared to chemical fertilizer alone. Soil Organic C, total N, P, K and S were higher with pressmud application compared to non pressmud application. Microbial enrichment of pressmud with Trichoderma sp. could save 2.5 t ha^-1 of pressmud and 25% of recommended fertilizers. It can be concluded that enriched pressmud is more effective than raw pressmud in increasing sugarcane yield and maintain soil fertility in High Ganges River Floodplain soils.

Keywords: Enriched pressmud, Trichoderma sp., Soil fertility, Productivity, Sugarcane

Location: Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna.

Start Date: 00-01-2011

End Date: 00-01-2012

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Sugarcane

Objectives:

1. To examine the effects of enriched compost with chemical fertilizers

2. To evaluate pressmud enrichment with Trichoderma sp. and chemical fertilizers on sugarcane for improving the soil fertility and productivity.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of the Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna during January 2011 to January 2012. The experimental site represents the High Ganges River Flood Plain soils of the Agro-ecological Zone 11. The soil belongs to Sara series. The soil was loamy in texture having pH 7.62, organic C 0.46%, total N 0.060%, available phosphorus 15.0 ppm, exchangeable potassium 0.18 meq /100 g soil, available sulphur 24.0 ppm and available zinc 0.64 ppm. Sixteen treatments having Four levels of inorganic fertilizers (100%, 75%, 50% and 0% of recommended fertilizer dose) and four levels of pressmud enrichment (Trichoderma harzianum @ 7.5 t ha^-1, T. viride @ 7.5 t ha^-1, untreated raw pressmud @ 10 t ha^-1 and no pressmud) were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatment details are given. The unit plot-size was 6m × 6m. Recommended rates of inorganic fertilizers (urea, triple super phosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum and zinc sulphate) and pressmud were used. Two microorganisms (Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride) were used for enrichment of pressmud. Pressmud was composted by spreading in layers of 15 cm thickness inter mixed with microbial inoculants Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride. One litre of Trichoderma bio-agent was mixed with 20 litre of water for making 2 tons of pressmud. The material was heaped to a height of 3 feet and pulverized at an interval of 15 days. The entire lot was left for 40 days for decomposition. Sufficient moisture level was maintained by periodically sprinkling water over the heap. Untreated heap served as control. After 40 days, the samples were collected for analysis. Treatment wise fertilizers were applied as per recommended urea, triple supper phosphate, muriate of potash, gypsum and zinc sulphate @ 150, 50, 90, 34 and 3.4 kg ha^-1, respectively. Full dose of triple supper phosphate, gypsum, zinc sulphate and 1/3rd of muriate of potash and urea were applied in trenches and mixed with soil prior to planting of setts as basal. The rest amount of urea and muriate of potash were applied as top dressing in two equal splits at 120 and 180 days after planting (DAP). After each application, fertilizers were incorporated into the soil by spade. Full amount of pressmud was applied in furrows during final land preparation before sett placement Following conventional method, three budded setts (variety Isd 37) were planted end to end in furrows. Each plot contains six lines of 6.0 m long. Twenty six setts were placed in each line. Prior to planting regent 3GR was applied in the trenches @ 33 kg ha^-1 to control termite and Furadan 5G was applied as a preventive measure against borers in two times at 90 and 150 DAP at 40 kg ha^-1 for each time. Apart from chemical, cultural and mechanical control measures were done for insect-pests and disease management as and when required. In the main field, flood irrigation was given in trenches just after planting of the setts. Also supplementary irrigation was done during the dry period depending on the crop growth and whenever required. The soil in the trenches was loosened twice at 30 and 60 DAP to free the plants from soil compaction. All the plots were kept weed free up to 140 days after plantation, as the period is considered to be the critical period for crop-weed competition for sugarcane. Earthing- up around cane plant and propping of sugarcane were done at 150 days after planting to protect the cane stalks from lodging against the possibility of strong wind. Soil textural class was determined by hydrometer method and soil pH was measured in a 1:2.5 soil water suspension by glass electrode pH meter. Total N was determined by macro Kjeldahl procedure and organic carbon by the Walkley and Black method. Available soil P was extracted with 0.5M NaHCO3 and the amount was determined by spectrophotometry. Exchangeable K (1N NH4OAc extractable) was determined by flame photometry and available S by turbidimetric method for soil and plant leaf. Elements like Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe were performed using an atomic absorption spectrometry. The chlorophyll contents of cane leaf were determined at grand growth phase i.e., 220 DAP. Midribs were removed from the leaf blade. For extraction in 80% ethanol, small pieces of green leaves were stored in darkness at room temperature and humidity until extracts were completed. All extracts were assayed for absorbency^-1 at 663 and 645 nm to measure chlorophyll a (Chl a) and chlorophyll b (Chl b) content (mg g^-1 fresh weight) respectively after using the formula. Leaf area index and total dry matter production were calculated. Sugarcane was harvested at maturity stage after 12 month of planting. The collected data were statistically analyzed using the "Analysis of variance" (ANOVA) technique and the significance of mean differences were adjusted by the Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with the help of MSTAT- C programme.

Source of Information: SAARC J. Agri., 13(2): 183-197 (2015)

Article Link (Online Journal): http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v13i2.26579

Funding Source:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It was observed that soil organic C, total N, P, K and S were higher with pressmud application compared to non pressmud application. Microbial enrichment of pressmud with Trichoderma sp. could save 2.5 t ha^-1 of pressmud and 25% of recommended fertilizers. It can be concluded that enriched pressmud is more effective than raw pressmud in increasing sugarcane yield and to maintain soil fertility in the High Ganges River Floodplain soils of Bangladesh.

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