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Biophysical Factors Defining Rice Yield Gaps in Bangladesh

MR Manir
Farm Management Division, BRRI, Gazipur

MR Bhuiyan
Plant Pathology Div., BRRI Gazipur

TA Poly
Student,BAU Mymensingh

MH Kabir
Plant Pathology Div., BRRI Gazipur

KP Halder
Farm Management Division, BRRI, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An investigation was carried out with a view to determine the causes for low productivity as well as profitability at farmer’s field level. The study was carried out at three upazila of Tangail district of Bangladesh in both T. Aman (rainfed lowland) and Boro season (irrigated lowland) considering two popular Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) released varieties: BRRI dhan49 and BRRI dhan28, respectively. Standard BRRI recommended practices were applied in one part of the plot called as BRRI managed plot while usual farmer’s practices were applied in other part called farmer’s managed plot. The yield contributing characters such as number of total and productive tillers, grains per square meter, grain and straw yield showed significant response irrespective of management, location and year. BRRI dhan49 of BRRI managed plot produced significantly higher yield (5.25 t/ha) than farmer’s treated plot (4.72 t/ha) in T. Aman season. Again, among the three locations, plots of Basail and Shakipur upazila produced statistically similar yield (5.21 and 5.20 t/ha, respectively) but significantly higher than Kalihati upazila (5.0 t/ha). Again, significant yield variation was observed between the years of cultivation due to the weather factors response. In case of Boro season, BRRI managed BRRI dhan28 produced significantly higher yield (5.29 t/ha). Location and year were also affected on yield and yield contributing characters. A total of 10.1% yield advantage was gained through BRRI management in T. Aman season while 14.95% yield advantage was obtained in Boro season. Again, Boro rice cultivation was more profitable than aman due to higher yield advantages, though irrigation cost is comparatively higher in Boro season. In case of farmer’s income, 30.06% income was increased in Boro season compared to farmers practice and it became 24.21% in aman season. Finally, this study concluded that biophysical factors such as proper input application with quality management practices may reduce yield gap between researchers and farmers managed plot in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Rice (Oryza sativa), Yield gap, Bbiophysical factors

Location: Three upazilla of Tangail district namely Basail, Shakipur and Kalihati

Start Date: 00-00-2012

End Date: 00-00-2013

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To evaluate a set of selected best management practices along with the farmers’ management techniques to find out the reasons of low yield of rice at farmer’s level.

Methodology:

The study was carried out in three upazilla of Tangail district namely Basail, Shakipur and Kalihati to evaluate a set of selected best management practices along with the farmers’ management techniques to find out the reasons of low yield of rice at farmer’s level. Trials were conducted at both T. Aman (rainfed lowland) and Boro (irrigated lowland) season in the two successive years (2012 and 2013). In each season, a total of three trails were carried out with the financial assistance of “Minimizing Rice Yield Gap” project fully funded by Government of Republic of Bangladesh. A total of 12 trails carried out with in this stipulated period. Popular BRRI released variety BRRI dhan49 was selected as test variety in T. Aman season and BRRI dhan28, one of the most popular mega variety for Boro season was selected as test variety for the experiment. In each season foundation seed was used for ensuring good seed source as well as prevention of varietals’ admixture for all the trails. In each trail, three bighas of land (4014 decimal) was selected at farmer’s level. The whole experimental area was divided into two parts: standard BRRI recommended practices were applied in one part of the plot called as BRRI managed plot while usual farmer’s practices were applied in other part called farmer’s managed plot. In case of BRRI management, 30 and 45 day old seedlings were transplanted in T. Aman and Boro season, respectively. In each of the cases, standard spacing of 20×20 cm was practiced during transplanting. Standard BRRI recommendation for fertilizer application was carried out along with other agronomic practices (done as and when necessary) in BRRI managed plot while farmers followed their own cultivation protocol. In Both cases foundation seed (produced by BADC, Bangladesh) of respective variety was used in every season. Fertilizer management (Urea: TSP: MoP: Gypsum: ZnSO₄) for both T. Aman and Boro season were 149: 52.3: 82.2: 60: 7.5 and 260: 97.11: 119.52: 112.05: 11.21 kg/ha, respectively. However, in case of farmer’s management farmer’s usually used Urea: TSP: MoP: Gypsum: ZnSO₄ for both T. Aman and Boro season @ 175: 30: 28: 4: 0 and 280: 60: 55: 70: 07 kg/ha, respectively. Proper care was taken regarding disease and pest infestation. Data of yield components along with some other characteristics were taken when the crop achieved 80% maturity. Then the data were transferred to worksheet of MS Excel (Microsoft Office 2007) and necessary statistical analysis was done using Crop Stat software.

Source of Information: Eco-friendly Agril. J. 8(06): 70-76, 2015 (June); ISSN 1999-7957

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The yield and yield contributing characters of the studied varieties varied significant with the variation of management, location and year. Both of the varieties (BRRI dhan49 and BRRI dhan28) in BRRI managed plot produced significantly higher yield. Again, among the three locations, plots of Basail and Shakipur upazila produced statistically similar yield (5.21 and 5.20 t/ha, respectively) but significantly higher than Kalihati upazila (5.0 t/ha). Again, significant yield variation was observed between the years of cultivation due to the weather factors response. A total of 10.1% yield advantage was gained through BRRI management in T. Aman season while 14.95% yield advantage was obtained in Boro season. Again, Boro rice cultivation was more profitable than aman due to higher yield advantages, though irrigation cost is comparatively higher in Boro season. In case of farmer’s income, 30.06% income was increased in Boro season compared to farmers practice and it became 24.21% in aman season. Finally, this study concluded that biophysical factors such as proper input application with quality management practices may reduce yield gap between researchers and farmers managed plot in Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal