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Postharvest Diseases of Selected Fruits in the Wholesale Market of Dhaka

M. S. M. Chowdhury
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207

N. Sultana
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207

G. Mostofa
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207

B. Kundu
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207

M. Rashid
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A survey was conducted in three wholesale fruit market in Dhaka city during October 2012 to September 2013 to record postharvest diseases of mango, guava, papaya and jujube fruits collected from different parts of the country. The highest incidence and severity of postharvest diseases of the fruits were recorded in September, March, August and March, whereas the lowest incidence and severity were found in May, November, June and January, respectively. The post harvest diseases recorded during the survey from four fruits were anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), Fusarium rot (Fusarium sp.), Rhizopus rot (Rhizopus stolonifer), Aspergillus rot (Aspergillus flavus), stem end rot (Botryodiplodia theobromae), Stemphylium blight (Stemphylium sp.), scab (Pestalotiopsis psidii), Alternaria fruit rot (Alternaria alternata) and Phomopsis rot (Phomopsis sp.).

Keywords: Post harvest diseases, Fruits and wholesale market

Location: Fruit market in Dhaka

Start Date: 00-10-2012

End Date: 00-09-2013

Program Area: Postharvest and Agro-processing

Commodity: Fruit

Objectives:

A survey was conducted to identify post harvest diseases of selected fruits occur in wholesale market.

Methodology:

Four majors fruits of Bangladesh namely mango, papaya, guava and jujube were selected for the study. The survey was conducted in wholesale markets of Kawran Bazar, Zatrabari and Mirpur in Dhaka city during October, 2012 to September, 2013. Fruits were collected by the wholesaler from various parts of the country. One thousand infected fruit samples of each fruit were obtained from the wholesaler and brought to the Disease Diagnostic Laboratory of Plant Pathology Department, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka. The specimens were checked carefully and associated symptoms were recorded. The diseases were identified based on associated symptoms. Percentage of infected fruits was computed based on total number of fruits collected from the market according. Percent disease incidence and disease severity were calculated using standard formulae. The formulae are follows: Fruit infection % =( Number of diseased fruit/Total number of fruits checked) x 100. Disease incidence% = (Number of diseased fruit in a consignment/Total number of fruits in same consignment) x 100. Disease severity % = (Diseased area of fruit surface/Total area of fruits surface) x 100. The collected data were analylized statistically for analysis of variance and means were compared using MSTAT-C computer program. Causal fungi of the diseases were isolated and identified. For isolation of causal organism(s), 10 specimens of each fruits having similar symptoms were selected from collected samples from each location and put in sterilized polythene bags. The specimens were washed thoroughly under running tap water, surface sterilized with 5.00% NaOCl solution and rinsed in sterile water. The diseased parts were cut into small pieces and placed on three layers of moist blotting paper in a Petri dish and another set was placed in Petri dishes containing potato dextrose (PDA) medium. Both sets were incubated in an incubator at 22±2⁰C for 7 days under 12 hour /12 hour alternate cycles of near ultra violet (NUV) light and darkness. After 8 days of incubation, the fungi grown from the specimens were transferred to PDA in Petri dishes and purified following hypal tip culture method. The pure culture was grown on PDA and identified based on the colony character and morphological characters of fruiting bodies, spores or conidia under a compound microscope. The pathogens thus recorded were identified following the standard methods.

Source of Information: J. Plant Pathol. 30 (1&2): 13-16, 2014; ISSN 1012 9279

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The highest incidence and severity of Phomopsis rot, Stemphylium blight, Rhizopus rot, anthracnose and Alternaria fruit rot were recorded in the month of March followed by February and January 2013. Their differences were significant from one month to another except incidence of anthracnose which was statistically similar in the month of January and February. Fruit species under study had considerable amount of infection by pathogens viz. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium sp., Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus flavus, Botryodiplodia theobromae, Stemphylium sp., Pestalotiopsis psidii, Phomopsis sp. and Alternaria alternata.

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