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Research Detail

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Chakraborty Binay Kumar
Project Director, Fisheries Diploma Course Implementation Project, Department of Fisheries, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Present status of aquatic biodiversity and the prospect for raising fish fingerlings in the Bogajan beel in northern Bangladesh has been presented. A total number of 93 aquatic species (83 wild fish, four prawn, one crab, one snail and four fresh water turtle) were identified in the beel during 2006 - 2009. About ten types of fishing methods were identified to be used by the fishers’ of the surveyed beel. Increasing pressure of illegal current jal (gill net), Kapuri jal (sein net) and FAD (Fish aggregating device) were detected as detrimental gear and killing method almost all type of species. Over a period of 3 years, total production of fish and allied species in the Bogajan beel was found to decrease from 89.34 ± 8.44 to 60.04 ± 4.44 mt indicating 32.80% decline. Due to increasing fishing pressure and global affect, commercial important 08 species were Extinct, 18 species were Critically endangered, 35 species were Endangered, 23 species were Vulnerable status, 05 species were in Lower risk and 04 species were Not threatened position from biodiversity view point. But in 2009, strict enforcement of fish Act-1950 in the beel resulted in reduce rate of use of current jal, Kapuri jal (sein net) and FAD (Fish aggregating device). Initiation of new technology for production of carp fingerlings in the Bogajan beel through community based co-management policy and enforcement of Fish Regulation Act-1950, helped to augment productivity of the recorded beel from 60.04 ± 4.44 mt to 89.62 ± 5.01 mt exhibiting 48.57% biomass enhancement. Two species bata (Labeo bata) and along (Rasbora elanga) were found to have reappeared in the beel and surrounding floodplains.

  Aquatic lives, Biodiversity, Endangered, Illegal fishing, Beel (carp) nursery.
  Kendua Upazilla, Netrokona district.
  30-11-2005
  30-11-2008
  Animal Health and Management
  Aquatic animal
  1. To study the abundance, species combination, catch statistics and related aspects of Bagajan beel.

Location and area of the beel: The Bogajan Beel comprised an average area of 122.4ha with an average depth 1.85 ± 0.03 m. The beel is surrounded by Jurail, Noupara, Kumorura and Bolaishimul villages under Kendua Upazilla in Netrokona district. Experimental procedure: Detail survey on flora and fauna of the Bogajan beel was conducted during 2006-2009 with particular emphasis on soil and water quality, biological productivity and biotic communities and status of fishery exploitation. The research was operationalzed through collection of both primary and secondary data, comprehensive literature review and extracts of local knowledge and information. Collection of primary data was made by field observation and different experimentation which comprised of experimental fishing in the beel, survey of different fishing methods, survey of fish markets adjacent to beel, monitoring of hydrological, meteorological, physicochemical and biological characteristics of beel and fishers’ perception as well. Secondary data were collected from Department of Fisheries (DoF) and from the local fishers. Formation of committee and Awareness meeting: Local management committee was formed with the community people living in the vicinity of Bogajan Beel consisting of 72 members from stakeholders through participatory discussion. The members of the management committee formulated necessary rules and regulations for sharing benefits from beel resources. Regular meeting were arranged fortnightly by the implementing team during the period of 2009 where all stakeholders’ representative along with Upazilla Fisheries Officer, Department of Fisheries (DoF) were present and discussed the progress of the management activities of the beel during investigating period. Morphometry and hydrodynamics of experimental beel: Generally, the main sources of water input into the Bogazan beel ecosystem was viz. overspill from the river channel, surface flow and regeneration. Water flows were determined by both rainfall and flooded water from the Meghaloya’s hilly range, India. This beel is connected with the different rivers by a cannel (khal). In the dry season, almost 70% areas of the beel were dried up except the canals, and khata and kua fishing area where water remains during January to mid- April. Flooding of the recorded beel was originated from inflow of water from the Kangshow, Patashory and Shutishaiduli River causing resumption of connection between beel and river. The accumulation or exchange of water took place during southwest monsoon when floodplains were flooded. The early flood phase (April to early June) occurred in the early monsoon when the water level in basin was relatively low. The water level in the beel rose and fell in accordance with the water level in adjacent floodplains and adjacent river. Floodwater in flood plains started receding in the post monsoon season (October to December). The deep flood phase (June to September) begins when the water level in the Patashory and Shutishaiduli River register rapid rise, causing deep flooding in the area of the surveyed beel. Floodwater in floodplains of the Bogajan beel started receding in the post-monsoon season (October to December). After recession of flood, water level in the beel decreased snapping the beel connection with the river. When surface area of the beel was shrinked, fishes and other aquatic organism move with water flow into deep water area of the beel. The beel gets almost dried up through evapotranspiration and seepage. Except deeper portion of the beel, most of the marginal area where brought under rice cultivation by extracting water from the beel. The water lost by various means caused shrinkage of the effective water area and lowering of depth in the beel which affected the status of the aquatic biodiversity of the Bogajan beel. Study of Physico-chemical parameters and plankton: Physico-chemical parameters were followed by the standard method of APHA. A bamboo made meter scale was used to measure water depth. Water temperature was measured using a Celsius thermometer and transparency was recorded by using a Secchi disc of 20 cm diameter. Dissolved oxygen and pH were calculated directly using a digital electronic oxygen meter (YSI Model 58) and an electronic pH meter (Jenway Model 3020). Alkalinity was recorded by titrimetric method. The plankton sample was collected fortnightly from the euphotic zone using 0.55 blotting silk plankton net and later analyzed numerically with the help of Sedgewick- Rafter counting cell (SR-cell) under a compound microscope. Calculation of the abundance of plankton was done. Fishing method: Detail survey on fishing method of the Bogajan beel was conducted with particular emphasis on number of different gears and traps. Fishers’ used boat for transport of nets and related materials and used ber jal (seine net), komor jal (seine net, used for Khata fishing), thela jal (Push net), bua jal (small lift net), lift net, cast net, current jal (Gill net), various type of fish traps, hook and lines; and fishing by dewatering FAD (Fish aggregating device) according to season and availability of different species of fish. During monsoon and post monsoon, fisher’s used lift net, current jal, cast net, traps (vair, dugair, ghuni, pholo, etc) hook and lines (barsi, fulkuichi, jhupi,, aikra, etc.) to catch fishes. They also operated kata fishing by sein net (Ber jal and Komor jal) in winter and spring season. Data collection: An organized sampling program was run for a long time to get a true picture of the catch and catch composition of surveyed beel. The experimental beel were sampled during winter (mid November to mid February), pre monsoon (mid February to April), monsoon (May to August) and post monsoon (September to mid November) for assessment of aquatic lives’ abundance and availability. The current study, being a rapid survey, gives only a broad picture of a stock of fishes, prawn, crabs, snail and turtiles that was recorded through fish landing centers and different market survey, collection of different species directly from fishers’ catch, fishing through enclosure with bana fence (made by bamboo), khata fishing and interaction with fishers’ in the beels. Resident fish species was recorded through fishing in the deep pool areas (manmade kuas) where water remains during dry season (January to mid April). The number of six codes (CR. E, EN, VU, LR and NO) of IUCN was followed to categorize the status of the beel and to compare the trend among different years Shannon index was followed. Nursery Development: Nursery preparation and stocking: In 2009, on the basis of status and physical condition of beel, nursery ground for native carp (Catla, Rui and mrigal) were constructed in different location of the Bogajan beel. The experiment was planned with 3 treatments (locations) designated as, T1, T2 and T3. The area and average depth of the each earthen nursery pond was 0.50 ha and 0.76 m, respectively. The ponds were dewatered, freed from aquatic vegetation and limed (250 kg.ha-1). After liming, the ponds were allowed to dry for about seven days. Then the ponds were filled up with water up to 0.80 m depth. Cowdung (2500 kg.ha-1) was added in the water. Five days after manuring both Urea and (Triple supper Phosphate (TSP) were applied to the ponds at the rate of 24.7 kg.ha-1 each to stimulate the primary productivity of the ponds. Dipterex (0.5 ppm) was applied to the ponds to control predatory zooplankton and harmful insects 24 hrs before stocking the spawn. The ponds were stocked at the rate of 2.5 kg.ha-1 with 4 days old hatchlings of catla (Catla catla), rui (Labeo rohita) and mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosus) having an initial length of 1.01 cm and weight of 0.012 g, respectively. Supplementary feeding: In order to meet the increasing dietary demand, supplementary feed consisting of a mixture of mustard oilcake, rice bran, wheat bran and fish meal in 30:25:25:20 proportions was supplied at the rate of 10-12% of their total biomass twice daily commencing from the first day of stocking. The rate of feeding was 20 kg.million hatchling-1.day-1 for the first one week, 24 kg for the second 2 weeks, 28 kg for the third 2 weeks, 32 kg for the fourth 2 weeks and 36 kg for the fifth 2 weeks. Proximate composition of the feeds was analyzed according to AOAC International (1995) method, nitrogen free extract (NFE) by subtraction. Proximate composition (% dry matter) of the supplementary feeds (crude protein, crude lipid, crude fiber, ash and nitrogen-free extract) of experimental feeds was 32.80%, 7.84%, 11.15%, 17.84% and 30.37%, respectively. Water Quality Parameters and Plankton monitoring: Physico-chemical parameters and quantitative and qualitative estimates of plankton in the nursery ponds were monitored every 10 days interval between 9.00 and 10.00 h. Analysis of physicochemical parameters and primary productivity was followed the procedures described in materials and methods, paragraph 5. Estimation of growth, survival, production and feed utilization: Fifty individuals from in each pond were sampled at 10 days interval to adjust daily ration until they attained the fingerlings stage. Growth in terms of length and weight, average daily gain (ADG), specific growth rate (SGR) and food conversion rate (FCR) was estimated. SGR and FCR calculated. Survival rate of fish as well as fish production (kg.ha-1) were also determined as per conventional method. After 60 days, the fingerlings counted and weighed. The fish fingerlings were allowed to move out from the nursery ground to the open water area beel after commencement of early monsoon flood. Analysis of experimental data: The data were analyzed through one way ANOVA using MSTAT followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test to find out whether any significant difference existed among treatment means. Standard deviation in each parameter was calculated and expressed as mean ± S.D.

  J. Fish. Soc. Taiwan, 2011, 38(4): 277-300
  
Funding Source:
1.   Budget:  
  

The study clearly indicated that the aquatic lives of the beel were subjected to over fishing resulting in gradual decline in aquatic population. In addition, aquatic ecosystem health is changing due to global affect, construction of flood control barrage, soil erosion, siltation and drainage structures and agro-chemicals. Domestic organic wastes (sewage) directly or indirectly passing through canals or drains to the beel were polluted the aquatic ecosystem health.

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