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Performance and Evaluation of Lithium Ion Battery for Operation of BARI Developed Small Powered Machinery

M A HOSSAIN
FMPE, BARI

M A MOTTALIB
FMPE, BARI

M A GULANDAZ
FMPE, BARI

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Solar powered technology was a promising technology, especially in the off-grid areas of Bangladesh. But, one of the main constraints of solar technology was that it cannot be operated during off sunshine period due to cloudy and foggy weather or at night time. This limitation may be overcome using lithium ion battery. BARI Solar Pump and BARI Winnower were operated and tested with lithium ion battery at Farm Machinery and Post harvest Process Engineering Division of BARI, Gazipur during 2014-2015. One horse power solar pump and half horse power Winnower were operated with five kilowatt lithium ion battery. The battery was charged by 900 W_p capacity solar panels. Total time required for full battery charging was 10 hours. Total discharging time of lithium ion battery for operation of solar pump and winnower were three hours 20 minutes and six hours, respectively. The average discharge of solar pump at the suction heads from 1.5 to 6.5 m was 187 L/min. During operation of winnower by lithium ion battery, the speed of motor as well as the machine remained almost constant although the voltage and current reduced sharply with the operation time. Therefore, BARI solar sump and BARI winnower operated by lithium ion battery were found to be technically suitable during off sunshine period.

Keywords: Winnower, Solar pump, Lithium ion battery

Location: Farm Machinery and Postharvest Process Engineering (FMPE) Division, BARI, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2014

End Date: 00-00-2015

Program Area: Farm Mechanization

Commodity: Farm machineries

Objectives:

(a) Determine the charging and discharging characteristics of lithium battery loaded with BARI developed small powered machinery

(b) Testing the performance of BARI developed small powered machinery operated by lithium ion battery

Methodology:

The solar pump operated with the PV array has a capacity of 900 W_p (4 array, 12 modules, 75 Wp) and mounted on an inclined angle of 23º-25º south facing (optimum angle for Bangladesh) from the horizontal plane was installed in pump test bed on pond side in the Farm Machinery and Post harvest Process Engineering (FMPE) Division. The PV array has got a manually tracking arrangement for orienting the panel towards east (from 9.00 to 12.00 am), south (from 12.00 to 2.00 pm) and west (from 2.00 to 5.00 pm) directions. On the requirement of pump operation and battery charging, every 4 modules were connected in series to increase voltage (V) but current (A) remained the same and every 4 array were connected in parallel to increase current but voltage remained the same. Locating the PV modules close to the water source was important to keep voltage loss in the system wiring to a minimum. A locally fabricated centrifugal DC solar pump (1.0 hp) was directly coupled with a dc motor of 800 W (Hossain et al., 2011). This pump was tested in pump test bed on pond side. Arrangements were made to test the pumps at different suction heads of 1.5, 2.15, 3.25, 5.00 and 6.50 m. A 5.2 kW lithium ion battery was used for operating BARI solar pump and BARI winnower. During testing of solar pumps, solar radiation, panel voltage, current, power, suction head, delivery head and discharge were measured. Solar insolation was measured with a digital solar meter (Model: DS-05A, USA) on the plane of the PV panel. The DC open circuit voltage, load voltage, short circuit current, and load current of the panel were measured with the help of multi-meter (Model: PCE-DC 4, China). The pump discharge was measured using flow meter (Model: WM-LF Series multi-jet water flow meter, USA).

Source of Information: Annual research Report, FMPE, BARI--2014-15

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The battery charging time depends on the intensity of solar radiation. The battery charging time increased with low intensity of solar radiation and the charging time decreased with high intensity of solar radiation. It was observed that the battery was fully charged from 9.00 am to 5.00 pm in first day (15.02.2015) and 9.00 am to 11.00 am in second day (16.02.2015). Total time required for battery charging was 10 hours. There was cloudy weather in first day. So, the battery charging time was higher than normal charging time (8 hours). During the charging period fluctuation of solar radiation were high ranged from 62 to 151 W/m². The battery charging voltage increased rapidly from 51.60 V to 55.60 V with fluctuation of solar radiation. After 10 hours that charging voltage became almost same (56.1 V). BARI solar pump (800 W dc motor) was operated by lithium ion battery for lifting surface water at different suction heads. Voltage and current dropping of battery was proportional to the duration of solar pump operation. During pumping the voltage was rapidly dropped but at the same time current dropping was found slowly. It is observed from the figure that current drop was found rapidly below 9 A. The solar pump was cut off from battery when the battery voltage reached to safe minimum battery voltage (48 V). Because of over discharging, the cells may damage by natural discharging. It is also observed that the pump was operated from 10.40 to 14.00 hours and total time required of battery discharging was 3 hours and 20 minutes. The pump was tested at the suction heads of 1.5, 2.15, 3.25, 5.00 and 6.5 m. Water discharge at 1.5, 2.15, 3.25, 5.00 and 6.5 m suction heads were found to be 212, 201, 198, 187 and 138 L/min, respectively. The average discharge was 187 L/min that was higher than the direct PV operated discharge. This reason was that discharge of solar pump varied with the variation of motor speed and motor speed varied with the fluctuation of solar radiation. But for the operation of pump with the lithium ion battery, the motor speed remained almost same. The winnower was coupled with 1.0 hp dc motor. The winnower was operated at full load capacity (800 kg/h of rice). The initial voltage and current were 51.2 V and 7.57 A respectively. The voltage and current of battery reduced with the operation time. The winnower was operated by lithium ion battery in six hours. After six hours, the voltage became 47.6 and current reduced to 6.63 A. It was found that during operation of winnower by lithium ion battery, the speed of motor as well as the machine remained almost constant although the voltage and current reduced sharply with the operation time. Therefore, operation of winnower by lithium ion battery was found technically suitable.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings