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Characterization of Orobanche Species Occurring in Bangladesh

Manisha Saha
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh

I. H. Mian
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A survey was conducted in the district of Jessore, Kushtia, Pabna and Rajshahi to identify and characterize Orobanche species occurring in those locations of Bangladesh. Two distinct species of Orobanche were found to occur in the country. The first one was found to attack mustard, cabbage and cauliflower, and the second one attacked sunflower, tomato and tobacco. Orobanche sp. collected from mustard showed higher shoot length, canopy diameter, sepal number, petal length, ovary length, ovary diameter, and style length. Flowers were with 2 bractlets, calyx divided at the base posteriorly, and entire anteriorly, stamen number was 4 (all equal), with wooly anthers. On the other hand, Orobanche sp. collected from tomato had higher stem girth, leaf length, leaf width, sepal length, stigma diameter and stamen length. Flowers were without bractlets, calyx divided at the base anteriorly as well as posteriorly, stamen number was 4 (2 longer than other 2), with glabrous anthers. The morphological characters clearly showed that the two Orobanche observed on two hosts species were distinctly different species. The morphological characters were compared with a standard key and Orobanche collected from mustard was identified as O. aegyptiaca L. and the parasite attacking tomato was identified as O. cernua L.

Keywords: Orobanche species, Host range, Survey

Location: Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases

Objectives:

The present paper reported the results of an investigation conducted to characterize the species of Orobanche attacking crop plants in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Orobanche and their hosts identified - During the investigation, mustard, sunflower, tomato, cabbage, cauliflower and tobacco were found to be infected with Orobanche. The morphological appearance of the pests infecting sunflower, tomato and tobacco was distinctly different from the parasites that attacked mustard, cabbage and cauliflower. Morphological characters of stem, leaf and flowers recorded during the investigation were compared with a standard key and Orobanche from mustard family was identified as Orobanche aegyptiaca L. and the parasite infecting other crops was identified as Orobanche cernua L. In mustard fields, O. aegyptiaca infected up to 100% host plants. In severe cases, infected host plants died before maturation. In infected tomato fields, Orobanche shoot emerged in cluster showing up to 42% host plants infection. Infected tomato plants gradually died and weathered before maturation of fruits. Both O. aegyptiaca and O. cernua were found to grow closed to the stem base or a little far from it depending on length of root systems of their hosts. The shoot of O. cernua attacking tomato is robust as compared to O. aegyptiaca that attacks mustard. The appressorium of the Orobanche developed at the base of stems was thicker on tomato than those infecting mustard. The number of parasite shoots per square meter was higher in mustard fields than tomato fields. It might be due to the fact that the parasite attacking mustard has higher tendency to branch than those of tomato. They reported that in some species (such as O. aegyptiaca, O. ramosa) branching of the shoot is normal, whereas in others (O. cernua, O. minor, O crenata) branching is rare. Reports from various sources reveal that seeds of Orobanche germinate in response to the host stimulant and the radicle, also known as germtube, emerges. If the radicle reaches the host root, its tip thickens and attaches itself to root surface. The thickening is known as appressorium. Finally, haustorium initiates from the appressorium, which engulfs the host roots and penetrates the vascular tissues of the host and makes parasitic relationship with the host. With this organ, the parasite withdraws water, minerals and organic compound from the hosts.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Plant Pathol. 29 (1&2): 39-44, 2013; ISSN 2012-9279

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Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The morphological characters clearly showed that the two Orobanche observed on two hosts species were distinctly different species.

Knowledge Management: Journal