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Effect of Agronomic Practices on Weed Infestation and Yield of Wheat in the Farmers' Field

M. A. Samad
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensing.

A. A. Mamun
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensing.

A. S. M. H. M. Talukder
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensing.

M. Z. Islam
Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensing.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Investigations were carried out in the farmers' field of the Old Brahmaputra Floodplain (OBFP) and Young Brahmaputra and Jamuna Floodplain agro- ecological zones on wheat from November 1993 to March 1994 to see the effects of degree of land preparation, methods of planting, degree of weed infestation, rate of fertilizer application and the yield. Superimposed treatments of the level above farmers' practice and the level below farmers' practice in addition to the usual farmers' practice of those a.gronomic practices were included in the studies. One to two more ploughing than farmers' practice (i.e., 5-6 ploughings) was found to be adequate for wheat cultivation which produced less weed dry weight and more wheat yields. Line planting was superior to haphazard planting (farmers' practice) in respect of reduction of weed growth and increase of wheat yields. Fertilizer treatments of the level above farmers' practice was better than the farmers' practice for the crop yields and dry weight of weed. The weed density, weed dry weights and the grain yields per unit area were more or less same under both the AEZs with a slight increase in weed density in YBJFP.

Keywords: Agronomic practices, Degree of ploughing, Method of planting, Fertilizer

Location: Brahmaputra and Jamuna Floodplain

Start Date: 00-11-1993

End Date: 00-03-1994

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Weed management, Wheat

Objectives:

To know the effect of degree of ploughing, method of planting and rate of fertilizer application considering the farmers' practice as a check on the infestation of weeds and the yields of wheat in farmers' fields.

Methodology:

Four experiments were conducted at the farmers' field in two agro-ecological zones Old Brahmaputra Floodplain and Young Brahmaputra and Jamuna Floodplain in wheat during the period of November 1993 to March 1994. The OBFP is characterized by silty-loam to silty-clay on the ridges and clay in basins, medium to medium high land, pH ranges from 5.1 to 5.6, organic matter content and general fertility level are low, status of P + K is medium. Young Brahmaputra and Critical period of weed competition is the range within which a crop must be weeded to save the crop from ravages of the weeds. In Bangladesh Agricultural University condition, has studied critical period of weed competition in wheat in terms of weed free period of 14 to 42 days of sowing was sufficient to prevent crop loss due to weed competition in the wheat crop. Jamuna Floodplain is characterized by loam to sandy-loam soil, high to medium high land, pH ranges from 5.0 to 6.8, soils are different in N, P and S and organic matter content is more or less same as OBFP. In OBFP eight farmers' fields and YBJFP four farmers' fields were randomly selected for these experiments. An area of 10m x 2.5m was marked with the help of bamboo sticks for experimental plots within the farmers' fields. Superimposed treatments of each of the four factors as degree of ploughing methods of planting, degree of weed infestation and degree of fertilizer treatments in addition to farmers' practice of those agronomic practices were included in four different experiments respectively of the study. Each of the farmers' field was treated as a replication and the treatments of each experiment were distributed randomly within a replication. The crop was planted in all the fields by the farmers within a week time beginning from 1st December 1993 and the intercultural operations other than the treatments were performed more or less uniformly in every plot. The treatment of "farmers' practice" was managed by the farmers and the superimposed treatments were supervised and controlled by the investigators. Weed population was measured at maximum flowering stages of weeds. A quadrat of 1m x 1m size was randomly placed at three places within each plot. Weeds within the quadrats were counted species wise and collected by uprooting them. The average values of three quadrats were taken for every plot and the mean values of different plots within an AEZ were considered to report the infesting weed species of that particular AEZ. The collected weeds were dried in an oven at 80^oC for 72 hours to record the dry weight of weeds. Grain yield of wheat was recorded from the area of 1m x 1m size quadrat randomly selected from three places within each plots at 14 % moisture level. The investigators observed that the farmers' practice at ploughing, methods of planting, weeding and fertilizer treatment was 5 to 6 ploughing, haphazard planting, 2 to 3 weedings and 0.35 kg Urea, 0.35 kg T.S.P. and 0.1 kg M.P. per plot respectively. The below farmers, practice at ploughing, weeding and fertilizer treatment was 3 to 4 ploughing, one weeding and 0.2 kg Urea, 0.2 kg T.S.P. and 0.05 kg M.P. per plot respectively. The above farmers' practice at ploughing, methods of planting, weeding and fertilizer treatment was 7 to 8 ploughing, line planting, 3 to 4 weedings and 0.5 kg Urea, 0.5 kg T.S.P. and 0.15 kg M.P. per plot respectively.

Source of Information: BAU Res. Prog. 9: 23-29, 1995

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

One to two more ploughing than farmers' practice (i.e., 5-6 ploughings) was found to be adequate for wheat cultivation which produced less weed dry weight and more wheat yields. Line planting was superior to haphazard planting in respect of reduction of weed growth and increase of wheat yields. Fertilizer treatments of the level above farmers' practice was better than the farmers' practice for the crop yields and dry weight of weed. The weed density, weed dry weights and the grain yields per unit area were more or less same under both the AEZs with a slight increase in weed density in YBJFP.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings