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Effect of Gamma Ray on Nerica-1 Rice and Selection of Desirable Mutants

F. Islam
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.2202, Bangladesh.

M. A. K. Azad
Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, BAU Campus, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

U. K. Nath
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

With a view to assess the effect of gamma ray on different seedling and reproductive traits, and selection of desirable mutants in the M₂ generation, seeds of NERICA-1 rice were exposed to 250, 350 and 450 Gy doses of gamma ray from⁶⁰Co source of the Institute of Food and Radiation Biology (IFRB), Savar, Dhaka. Immediately after irradiation, the seeds were water soaked overnight and left for sprouting. The sprouted seeds were then sown dose wise along with an un-irradiated seeds (control) following non-replicated design at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) farm, Mymensingh in February 2012. It was observed that germination and plant survival decreased gradually in M₁ generation with the increased radiation doses. Similarly, in the reproductive stage, plant height, number of effective tiller, panicle length, pollen viability, filled grains per panicle, grain yield per plant and 1000-seed weight were also decreased gradually. In this study, 50% reduction of germination and survival percentages occurred at 350-450 Gy doses of gamma ray, while for grain yield, it was only 250 Gy. M₂ generation was grown during February-May 2013 and the highest numbers of 17 mutants were selected from 250 Gy dose of gamma ray based on the higher number of effective tillers, longer panicle length, and higher number of filled but lower number of unfilled grains, higher grain yield and earlier maturity than the control. Moreover, 12 and 5 mutants were also selected from 350 and 450 Gy doses of gamma ray, respectively. Finally, it could be concluded that for future plant breeding applications, 250-350 Gy doses of gamma ray might be used to get maximum genetic variability in NERICA-1 rice.

Keywords: Gamma radiation, M1 and M2 generations, NERICA-1 rice

Location: Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture farm, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-02-2013

End Date: 00-05-2013

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To assess the effective dose for creating adequate genetic variability and selection of desirable mutants in M₂ generation.

Methodology:

Seeds of NERICA-1 rice were exposed to 250, 350 and 450 Gy doses of gamma ray from⁶⁰Co source of the Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Savar, Dhaka. After irradiation, the seeds were water soaked overnight and left for sprouting. The sprouted seeds were then sown dose wise at 20 cm distances within rows of 20 cm apart in plots of 5.0 m × 2.0 m size along with an un-irradiated seeds (control) at BINA farm, Mymensingh in February 2012. The experiment was done in a non-replicated design. Urea, Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) and Muriate of Potash (MoP) were applied at the rate of 172, 136 and 66 kg ha^-1, respectively for both the generations. TSP and MoP were applied during the final land preparation but urea was applied in three equal splits, after 7, 22 and 35 days of sowing. The M₁ plants that survived up to maturity were harvested and kept separately to grow in M₂ generation. In M₂ generation, seedlings were raised from the seeds of the survived plants in M₁ generation during December-January 2013 and transplanted in February 2013 at BINA farm, Mymensingh in separate plots dose wise under rainfed condition. A unit plot comprised of a 3.0 m row. Seedlings were spaced at 15 cm within rows of 20 cm apart. Necessary intercultural operations were performed in proper time to ensure proper growth of the crop. In M₁ generation, data were taken in respect of germination percent and plant survival during seedling stage, while plant height, panicle length, pollen sterility, filled and unfilled grains panicle^-1, yield hill^-1 and 1000-grain weight were taken during reproductive stage. Pollen viability testing was done using 1% potassium iodide (KI) solution during 50% flowering in M₁ generation. Five panicles were harvested randomly from five plants in each dose. The collected pollens from the five panicles were then placed on a glass slide and mixed with 1% KI solution. The glass slide was then examined with a microscope. The stained pollens were viable and the unstained were sterile. In M₂ generation, data were taken on plant height, panicle length, number of effective tillers hill^-1, filled and unfilled grains panicle^-1, days to maturity and yield from the selected plants only. Selections of mutants in M₂ generation were done based on higher number of effective tillers, longer panicle length, higher number of filled but lower number of unfilled grains, higher grain yield and early maturity than the control. Finally, the collected data were analyzed statistically and results were produced.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Nuclear Agric. 30: 13-20, 2014

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Gamma ray is a potential mutagen to create genetic variability and provides a greater scope for selection of desirable mutants in succeeding generations. Here, gamma ray showed significant negative effects on germination, plant survival, plant height, panicle length, pollen viability, number of filled grains, grain yield and thousand grain weight with an increased dose of gamma ray in M₁ generation. In this study, 50% reduction of germination and survival percentages occurred at 350-450 Gy doses of gamma ray. In contrast, for grain yield in M₂ generation, greater genetic variability was found with 250 Gy followed by 350 Gy. Finally, it could be concluded that for future plant breeding applications, 250-350 Gy doses of gamma ray might be used to get maximum genetic variability in NERICA-1 rice.

Knowledge Management: Journal