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Application of Biological Soil Disinfestation (bsd) for Controlling Wilt of Tomato

M. Z. RAHMAN
Plant Pathology Division, BARI

B. L. NAG
Plant Pathology Division, BARI

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Biological soil disinfestation (BSD) is a method of controlling soil borne pests and diseases through anaerobic decomposition of plant biomass incorporated in field soil with irrigation water and covering with sheets. A field trial was conducted on the potentiality of biological soil disinfestation (BSD) in suppressing wilt diseases of tomato in the research field of Regional Agricultural Research Station, Rahmatpur, Barisal. Four types of biomass, viz., mustard plants, rice bran, MOC and kitchen wastes were incorporated into soil as BSD-treatments, whereas other two treatments excludes the biomass and /or polythene covering. All BSD-treatments reduced the incidence to 90-99%, especially for the mustard-treatment (TB) the wilt incidence was only 1.97%. All polythene covered soil including BSD-treated soil showed significant increase of tomato yield as compared with uncovered soil. Among the treatments, mustard-treated soil gave the highest yield (60.80 t/ha).

Keywords: Biological soil disinfestation, Tomato wilt

Location: Regional Agricultural Research Station, Rahmatpur, Barisal

Start Date: 00-00-2014

End Date: 00-00-2015

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Diseases, Tomato

Objectives:

This research program was undertaken to find out the suitability of Biological soil disinfestation (BSD) in controlling tomato wilt diseases in field conditions.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out at the research field of Regional Agricultural Research Station, Rahmatpur, Barisal during late rabi season of 2014-15. The experimental site is located under the agro-ecological zone Ganges Tidal Floodplain (AEZ-13). The soil type is medium high land and soil texture is loamy. The plot size for each treatment was 2.0 × 3.0 m². The number of treatments used in this experiment was six, distributed in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The recommended doses of manures and fertilizers for tomato were incorporated into soil. The soil was treated with various plant biomass sources such as mustard plants @ 6kg/plot (TB), rice bran @750 g/plot (TR), MOC 300 g/plot and kitchen wastes @ 6 kg/plot (TK) together with applying irrigation water and covering with black polythene to maintain strictly anaerobic condition in 30 November, 2014. The name of treatments excluding plant biomass was designated as TC (uncovered and no plant biomass) and TW (covered, no biomass and irrigated). For the treatments TB, TR, TK, TM, and TW, anaerobic condition with plastic tarping was maintained for about 2 weeks. In the 15 December, 2014, holes were made at a spacing of 40 × 40 cm² on the black polythene to degas the treated soil. Tomato seedlings (BARI Tomato -3) grown in the nursery bed were transplanted into the holes of the polythene sheet in 15 December. The total number of plants per plot was 28. All the pots were inspected regularly and intercultural operations such as watering, weeding and insect control were done as and when necessary. During establishment of the seedlings a lot of winged aphids were available in the tomato field; hence yellow traps (plastic bottle stained with yellow color and mobil oil) were set in the field to trap the insects. The natural wilt disease incidence was recorded in all pots at 15 days interval. Harvesting of tomato was done during 1 March to 10 April. The yield data was analyzed by MSTAT-C software

Source of Information: Annual Research Report, Plant Pathology Division, BARI--2014-15

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

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Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Natural incidence of wilt diseases (fungal and bacterial) was observed in the tomato plots. A smaller number of tomato plants were infected by the wilt disease in most of the plots. All BSD treatments (TR, TB, TK and TM) reduced the incidence to 90-99%, especially for the mustard-treatment (TB) the wilt incidence was only 1.97%. For the Brassica-treated soil, ITCs from the tissue damage of Brassica leaves have been mentioned as the major causal factors to kill the pathogens. Apart from the function of glucosinolates, studies have demonstrated that the pesticidal activity of Brassica spp. is likely due to other factors such as releasing of aldehydes, acids and other sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds during plant growth or biomass decomposition in soil. Soil incorporated with B. juncea plants, wheat bran, or radish biomass suppresses the Fusarium oxysporum pathogens as well as natural wilt disease incidence. All these treated soils contained volatile bioactive substances and bacteria in the Firmicutes phylum dominate the soil. Thus, it was suggested that anaerobic bacterial decomposition of plant biomass release a bioactive substance that suppresses the soil borne pathogens. For the treatment TW, covering with sheets reduced the disease incidence as compared with TC. A moderately reduced condition might develop in the soil during the treatment and enhance the suppression of the soil pathogens. In the further study, we should measure redox potential of the treated soil and apply disease pressure before applying the treatments for confirmation of the potentiality of BSD in suppressing the disease. When considering marketable yield, all polythene covered soil including biomass-treated soil resulted significant increase of tomato yield as compared with uncovered soil (TC). Among the treatments, mustard-treated soil (TB) showed the highest yield (60.80 t/ha) followed by TM and Tk. The number of fruits also increased in those treatments. However, the treatment TC (uncovered and no plant biomass) gave the lowest yield of tomato. The increased yield performances of tomato in the BSD-treated fields (TB and TM) might be attributed to the suppression of wilt disease, conservation of soil moisture, effective control of weeds and addition of fresh biomass or organic matter in soil. For the polythene covered soils TW, the suppression of weeds and moisture conservation might play important role in increasing the yield.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings