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Screening of Neem Products Against Root-knot Nematode, Meloidogyne Incognita of Tomato

Md. Iqbal Faruk
Plant Pathology Division, BARI

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Both pot and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the neem based products such as neem leaf powder, neem leaf extract, neem seed extract, neem oil and neem oil cake for management of root knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) of tomato. Root knot nematode infested field soils were treated with those neem based product as well as chemical nematicide Furadan 5G. All the treatments gave appreciable reduction of gall development on roots and increased plant growth as well as yield of tomato. Among the treatments, neem seed extract and neem oil cake appeared to be the best amended materials for reduction of root knot Nematode disease incidence and improvement of plant growth as well as getting higher yield of tomato. Application of neem leaf extract and neem leaf powder were also better as chemical nematicide Furadan 5G in reducing root knot nematode disease incidence increasing plant growth as well as yield of tomato.

Keywords: Nematicide, Neem leaf powder, Neem oilcake, Tomato, Root gall

Location: Plant Pathology Division BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur

Start Date: 00-00-2014

End Date: 00-00-2015

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Virus, Tomato

Objectives:

The objective of the experiment was to investigate the effect of neem based product on root-knot Nematode infestation of tomato.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted during Rabi 2014-15, both in the pothouse and in the field of Plant Pathology Division BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur with 7 treatments namely i) Furadan (F) 5G @ 45 kg ha^-1, ii) Soil application of neem leaf powder (1:10 w/v), iii) Soil application of neem leaf extract (1:10 w/v), iv) Soil application of neem seed extract (1:10 w/v), v) Soil application of neem oil (1:10 v/v), vi) Soil application of neem oil cake @ 600 kg ha^-1 and vii) Untreated control. The pothouse experiment was laid out completely randomized design with 4 replications and the field experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The sterilized pot soils was inoculated with severely infected galled chopped roots of Indian spinach @ 4 gm kg^-1and where in the field the plants were inoculated with @ 1 gm galled chopped roots of Indian spinach per plant. The unit plot size 3m x 2.5m keeping 1m distance from plot to plot. Plant to plant distance 50 cm and line to line distance 60 cm was maintained. Neem leaf extract, neem seed extract and neem oil was applied twice, one is at the time of seedling transplanting and another is 40-45 days after seedling transplanting. Neem leaf powder and Furadan were applied at the time of seedling transplanting. Neem oilcake was applied 21 days before seedling transplanting. After application, the oil cake was properly mixed with the soil and kept moist for proper decomposition. Thirty days old tomato seedlings cv. BARI Tomato-14, grown on sterilized soils was transplanted. In pot experiment 5 plants were transplanted in each pot. In field experiment additional 10 seedlings were transplanted in between two lines in each plot and fertilizers were applied during final land preparation, weeding and irrigation were done as and when necessary. After 65-70 days transplantation, the additional 10 seedlings from each plot was uprooted carefully without disturb the root system for data recording. In case of pot experiment every pot all the plants were uprooted 70 days after transplanting. Data on plant height, plant weight, root length, root weight and yield were recorded. Gall index was recorded following 0-10 scale (Zeck, 1971) at 65 days after transplanting and after final harvesting of tomato.

Source of Information: Annual Research Report, Plant Pathology Division, BARI--2014-15

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The effect of different treatments on the suppression of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita as well as increasing plant growth of tomato under pot house condition were studied. Average shoot length of tomato under control was 46.12 cm plant^-1. Treatment of soil with different neem product and Furadan 5G increased the parameter to 62.17-71.00 cm plant^-1. Higher shoot length was obtained with neem seed extract and neem oilcake followed by Furadan 5G, neem leaf extract and neem leaf powder. The highest shoot weight was achieved with neem seed extract 191.90 g plant^-1followed by neem oilcake, neem leaf extract, Furadan 5G and neem leaf powder. The lowest shoot weight of tomato was 118.00 g plant^-1recorded in control treatment. The highest root length and root weight was recorded from the treatment of neem oilcake followed by neem seed extract, neem leaf extract, Furadan 5G and neem leaf powder and the lowest root length and root weight was recorded in control. The severity of root gall of tomato was drastically reduced over control due to treatment of soil with neem product and application of Furadan 5G. The maximum average gall index value of 8.46 was recorded in the control plot. It was reduced to 4.17 to 5.88 due to treatments with different neem product and the Furadan 5G. It is observed that all the treatments had significant effect on the reduction of root-knot disease and increasing plant growth and yield of tomato. Application of neem seed extract and neem oilcake. gave the highest shoot height, shoot weight, root length and root weight followed by neem leaf extract, neem leaf powder and Furadan 5G. The lowest shoot height, shoot weight, root length and root weight was observed in control treatment. The maximum average gall index value 5.39 at 65 days after transplanting and 6.27 at harvest were recorded from the control and the average gall index value drastically reduce to 1.44-1.99 at 65 days after transplanting and 2.47-3.27 at harvest were recorded due to application of different neem product and Furadan 5G. All the treatments gave significantly higher yield compared to control. Under control, average fruit number per plant was 42.13 and fruit yield was 49.04 t ha^-1 and it was increased to 53.87-60.53 per plant and 61.23-70.11 t ha^-1 due to application of different treatments. Soil amendment with neem oilcake gave the highest number of fruits per plant as well as the highest fruits yield which appeared to be 30.05% higher yield over control followed by neem leaf extract and neem seed extract, neem leaf powder and Furadan 5G by 24.26%, 23.90%, 23.61% and 21.49%, respectively. The lowest number fruits as well as yield was recorded from the control treatment. Application neem oil is less effective to increase plant growth as well as yield of tomato. The present study indicated those different neem products are effective in reducing root-knot nematode disease as well as increasing plant growth and yield of tomato.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings