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Advancement in Rice Varietal Development to Sustain Food Security in Bangladesh

MR Islam
Plant Breeding Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute-1701

M Anisuzzaman
Plant Breeding Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute-1701

TL Aditya
Plant Breeding Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute-1701

KM Iftekharuddaula
Plant Breeding Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute-1701

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Rice growing areas of Bangladesh are facing various environmental stresses including climate change, coastal salinity, flash flood submergence, medium stagnant water prone, tidal wetland and drought prone are the major unfavorable areas, where rice production is challenging due to prevalence of different levels of stresses. BRRI has given considerable thrust to develop varieties suitable for fragile environments. For saline prone coastal areas, BRRI has developed BR23, BRRI dhan40, BRRI dhan41, BRRI dhan53, and BRRI dhan54 for T. Aman season and BRRI dhan47 for Boro season. BRRI also released BRRI dhan46, a T. Aman variety suitable for growing after recession of flood water as late planting crop like Nizersail and BR22. For flash flood submergence, BRRI dhan51 and BRRI dhan52 have been developed which can give potential yield after ;’/two weeks flash flood submergence at seedling stage. The efforts of introgressing flash flood tolerant QTL SUB1 and salinity tolerant QTL SALTOL into a number of BRRI varieties are in progress. Some advanced breeding lines have been developed having tolerance against medium stagnant water stress with a yield potential as high as 4.0 t/ha. Considerable progress has been made with the development of some promising lines adaptable for non-saline tidal wetlands. For upland ecosystem BRRI has developed BR21, BR24, BRRI dhan42 and BRRI dhan43 at seedling stage drought tolerance in moderately rainfall situation. For drought prone rainfed lowland where terminal drought affects the rice crop at reproductive stage, photoperiod insensitive short duration varieties viz. BRRI dhan33 and BRRI dhan39 is developed to mitigate terminal drought. Recently BRRI developed two drought tolerant varieties viz. BRRI dhan56 and BRRI dhan57 having around 4.0 t/ha yield potential under reproductive stage drought stress condition. Considerable efforts have been undertaken to speed up development of climate resilient rice varieties suitable for different unfavorable ecosystems of Bangladesh. In parallel, efforts for developing rice varieties for favorable environments should also be continued. In order to secure a sustainable food security, collaboration of National Agricultural Research System (NARS) and some international centers are important for the development of location specific rice varieties and varieties for fragile environment.

Keywords: Food security, Submergence, Tidal, Salinity

Location: Plant Breeding Division Bangladesh Rice Research Institute-1701

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Knowledge Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To highlight the breeding efforts for the development of rice varieties to provide food security in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Since the establishment of BRRI in 1970, it has made out standing contribution to food security and national development through the release of high yielding varieties of rice and their improved production technologies. By this time, they developed 57 HYV and 4 hybrid varieties for different ecosystems. Rice production increased from 10.59 million metric ton (mMt) in 1971 to 35 mMt in 2008-09. Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) is also conducting research on rice by using nuclear techniques as a part of research. Besides, some universities are involved in rice research development. Recently some NGOs and privates companies have expanded their activities on rice research. In Bangladesh, there are three major growing seasons in rice cultivation with some specific eco-diversity. Rice ecosystems are mainly facing environmental stresses like cyclone (SIDR, AILA, NARGIS), flood, submergence, drought and fluctuation of high and low temperature. Bearing this mind, BRRI is trying to give more food security under different climate change conditions. BRRI has initiated several research projects to develop modern varieties for different sub-ecosystems (coastal wetlands, tidal wetlands, flood prone and submergence prone areas and drought prone areas). Some recent achievements are described in this paper by presenting tables and figures.

Source of Information: Eco-friendly Agril. J. 7(10): 127-136, 2014 (October); ISSN 1999-7957

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Breeding is a continuous process of developing new varieties which can fit in the cropping pattern of different agro-ecological conditions of the country. There are necessities for the development of more varieties both for favorable and unfavorable ecosystems in order to secure food security.

Knowledge Management: Journal