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Efficacy of Newcastle Disease Vaccines Prepared with Blacksburg and Komarov Strain of Newcastle Disease Virus Using Oral Route of Vaccine Administration

H Ullah
Livestock Research Institute Mohakhali, Dhaka

AJ Sarker
Dept. of Microbiology and Hygiene, BAU, Mymensingh

MSR Khan
Dept. of Microbiology and Hygiene, BAU, Mymensingh

F Diba
Dept. of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

KF Sultana
Dept. of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study was conducted to measure the efficacy of Newcastle disease vaccines in layer birds by oral vaccination of day-old chicks with the Blacksburg (B1) strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) followed subsequent vaccination with the Komarov (K) strain after 8 weeks of primary vaccination. Two different routes of vaccination (administration via drinking water with single and double dose and intraocular route with single dose) were investigated. The haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test was conducted weekly to measure the antibody response of layer birds after immunization against Newcastle disease (ND). Using a field isolate of velogenic ND virus, challenge trials were conducted following 5th and 7th weeks of primary vaccination to determine the efficacy of the vaccine. The intraocular vaccination route produced the highest HI titers indicated 184±75.89 and 496±191.55, followed by the drinking water vaccination route using double dose with titers indicated 208±77.29 and 352±165.25 and the lowest titers were from the single dose of drinking water vaccination route indicated 136±38.64 and 224±82.82 following B1 and K vaccination respectively at 4th weeks post vaccination. Evidently both the intraocular and drinking water routes were efficient in preventing disease. The HI titer persisted at protective level (HI titer of 80 or above when they were challenged with local virulent ND field isolate) up to 5 weeks against BCRDV and up to 8 weeks or more against RDV vaccination.

Keywords: Newcastle disease, Vaccine, Bangladesh, Efficacy

Location: Poultry Biologic Unit (PBU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Poultry

Objectives:

The objective of the present study was to determine the duration of efficiency of two other widely used strains namely lentogenic Blacksburg and mesogenic Komarov vaccines in protecting the birds against NDV by oral administration through drinking water at different dose rate.

Methodology:

Newcastle disease vaccine - Vaccines containing lentogenic Blacksburg (B1) strain and mesogenic Komarov (K) strain of Newcastle disease virus produced at Poultry Biologic Unit (PBU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh were collected and used for this experiment. The viruses were propagated into chicken embryo using the standard method of vaccine production. The vaccines were obtained as frozen allantoic fluid. Newcastle disease virus - Virulent field isolate of NDV was used in challenge studies. The virus has no commercial ownership and is produced and kindly supplied from the laboratory repository of the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. The virus was propagated into 10 days old chicken embryos by allantoic sac route to determine the EID50 and it appeared that 0.5 ml of 10-5 dilution of virus contain one EID₅₀. This was calculated following the standard method. The allantoic fluid (AF) containing the virus was stored at -20⁰C until used. Chicken eggs and Chicks - Fertilized eggs of white leghorn (WLH) hen and apparently healthy day-old-chicks of Fayoumi breed were purchased from BAU Poultry Farm, Mymensingh. The preference for WLH eggs was because of the white egg shell which allows observing embryonic movement by candling more comfortably. The chicks were reared in isolated groups for up to 5 months and fed standard starter and grower mash. They received no vaccination apart from experimental vaccine. Vaccination history of the parent flock was not available from the BAU Poultry Farm authority. Vaccination of chicks - A total of 100 apparently healthy day old chicks were allocated into 4 groups tagged as E, F, G and H comprising 25 chicks in each group. At day old age the birds of group E, F and G were vaccinated primarily with B1 vaccine and after eight weeks these birds were re-vaccinated with K vaccine. The study was conducted only to determine how long the HI titer persisted in chickens at protective level to NDV without following existing recommended vaccination schedule. The birds of group H were used as non vaccinated control.

Source of Information: Eco-friendly Agril. J. 6(09): 174- 178, 2013 (September); ISSN 7957

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The findings from the present study showed that like usual route oral administration of ND vaccines through drinking water may be considered a safe, easy and efficient method for primary as well as secondary vaccination against Newcastle disease.

Knowledge Management: Journal