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Physiological and Structural Abnormalities of Coconut Plants (cocos Nucifera L.) at Different Stages of Growth and Plantation Sites Under Low Temperature Condition in Bangladesh

M. Mamunur Rashid
Department of Plant Pathology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh.

M. Shamim Hasan
Department of Plant Pathology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh.

M. H. Rahman
Department of Horticulture, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh.

Abu Noman Faruq Ahmmed
Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

K. M. Khalequzzaman
Division of Plant Pathology, Spice Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Shibganj, Bogra, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Physiological and structural changes of coconut plants at different growth stages and plantation sites under low temperature conditions was investigated during 1997-98, 2002-03, 2005-06 and 2009-10 in the northern region of Bangladesh. Three growth stages viz. <7, 7-15 and >15 years and three locations viz. road side, near pond and near drain were selected for this study. Leaf area damage with characteristics lesions categorized into mildly damaged, moderately damaged and dead plants. Age and planting site revealed very significant differences. The highest percent of dead (49.84-58.49%), moderately damaged (37.20-46.21%) and mildly damaged plants (65.70-74.79%) were found in road side, while the highest percent of dead plants (39.93-45.58%), moderately (20.18-26.68%) and mildly damaged plants (69.46-70.37%) were found in above 15 years old plants. The lowest percent dead of plants (20.82, 18.27 and 19.55%) were found in pond side and (11.74, 12.53 and 13.31%) in the 7-15 years old plants. The mean temperature, sunshine hours and total precipitation remained below 16.88°C, 10.25 hours and 11.7 cm, respectively during 1997-98, 2002-03 and 2009-10. The highest amount of potassium (0.57 me/100 g soil) was found in pond side soil, whereas the lowest amount of potassium (0.11 me/100 g soil) was found in road side soil. It has been concluded that low temperature (below 16.88°C), mean precipitation 11.7 cm and amount of potassium 0.11me/100 g in soil were responsible for severe damage of the coconut plants in the study area.

Keywords: Coconut, Low temperature, Age, Damage, Abnormalities

Location: Dinajpur district

Start Date: 00-00-1997

End Date: 00-00-2010

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Coconut

Objectives:

To study the effect of low temperature on damage of coconut plants in northern region of Bangladesh

Methodology:

The study was carried out at Dinajpur district (northern region) of Bangladesh during the period of 1997-98, 2002-03, 2005-06 and 2009-10. The average temperatures in December, January and February for each study period were recorded and average mean values were computed. Established plants were selected for injury severity assessment based on water sources at different sites, age of plants and presence of potassium in soil. In total, seventy five plants of three age categories (<7, 7-15 and >15 years old) were selected for evaluation, with 25 plants at pond side, 25 plants at near the drain and 25 plants at road side. The plantation sites were selected based on the availability of water at the root zone of coconut plants. Data on severalties of injury were recorded once in the month of April of each period where each plant was evaluated for single replication. The data were recorded on injury severalties categorized into dead (top death or >75% leaf area damage), moderately (>25% to <75% leaf area damage) and mildly damaged plants (<25% leaf area damage). Soil samples were collected from ground of each plant to evaluate exchangeable potassium. Exchangeable potassium was determined by flame photometer after digesting the samples with normal ammonium acetate. Briefly, the soil sample was extracted with a one molar ammonium acetate solution at pH =7.00. The soil?solution slurry was shaken for 2 hours, and the solution was separated from the solid by centrifugation. The addition of ammonium in excess to the soil displaced the rapid exchangeable potassium and potassium cations from the exchange sites of the soil particles. Finally, potassium in this solution was determined with a flame photometer. All the recorded data on different parameters were subjected to statistical analysis following Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.

Source of Information: The Agriculturists 13(2): 113-119(2015), ISSN 2304-7321 (Online), ISSN 1729-5211 (Print)

Article Link (Online Journal): http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v13i2.26600

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The study revealed that the highest percentage of dead, moderately damaged and mildly damaged plants were found in above 15 years old plants those were grown in road side. On the other hand, the lowest percentage of dead, moderately damaged and mildly damaged plants were found in pond side and in 7-15 years old plants. It is concluded that cold temperature below 16.88°C, average mean precipitation 11.7cm and amount of potassium 0.11me/100 g in soil severely damaged the coconut plants in this locality.

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