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In Vitro Acaricidal Effects of Some Indigenous Plants Against Boophilus Microplus (aracnida: Ixodidae)

L. Nahar Anisuzzaman
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. A. Alim
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. J. Karim
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

K. I. Islam
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science. Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. M. H. Mondal
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

In vitro efficacy of neern (Azadirachta indica), bishkatali (Polygonum hydropiper), ata (Annolla reticulata), sharifa (A. squamosa) and durba ghas (Cynodon dactylon) against Boophiius microplus (tropical cattle tick) was tested during the period from July to December 2004 in the Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. To prepare the paste, aqueous and ethanol extracts, the leaves of neem, bishkatali, ata, sharifa and leaves along with stem of durba ghas were used. Three different types of preparation of plant materials such as paste, aqueous extracts and ethanol extracts were applied in three methods such as thin layer of paste, as spray and as impregnated filter paper (IFP). Extracts were used in 0.5%, 1% and 2% concentrations and the percent mortality of the ticks were recorded at 12, 24 and 72 hours after treatment. Among them, ethanol extract of ata at 2% concentration showed highest efficacy (100%) followed by aqueous extract of bishkatali (93.33%) at same concentrations and ethanol extract of ata (93.33%) at 1% concentration in spray on method. Among the various methods of application "spray on" method was found to be most effective followed by paste and impregnated filter paper. On the other hand, among the preparations ethanol extract was found to be more efficacious incase of ata plant only. From the study, it is revealed that ata and bishkatali have great acaricidal value against B. mirroplus.

Keywords: Acaricidal effects, Neem, Bishkatali, Ata, Sharifa, Durba ghas, Boophilus microplus

Location: Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-07-2004

End Date: 00-12-2004

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Medicinal Plants

Objectives:

To identify some plants having acaricidal efficacy against adult B. microplus and to establish a simple protocol for in vitro screening of some plants having acaricidal efficacy.

Methodology:

The research work was conducted during the period from July to December 2004 in the Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. The plant and. plant materials used in this experiment were collected from BAU campus and its surrounding rural areas and brought to the Laboratory. The plant species were identified on the basis of their characteristic morphological features. Paste was prepared by pressing the fresh leaves with the help of pestle and mortar. After collection and bringing them to the laboratory all fresh leaves and stems were washed in running tap water and cut into small pieces. The plant materials were dried in the oven at 55-60°C to gain constant weight. Dust of different parts of plants was prepared by pulverizing the dried leaves and stems with the help of a manual grinder, pestle and mortar. A 25 mm mesh (diameter) sieve was used to obtain tine dust and preserved them into airtight plastic container till their use in extract preparation. To prepare aqueous and ethanol extracts, 10 g of dust of each plants was taken in each 500 ml beaker to which 100 ml of distilled water and ethanol was added respectively. Then the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes by a magnetic stirrer (6000 rpm) and left stand for next 24 hours. The mixture was then tiltered through a tine cloth and again through tilter paper (Whatman No.1). The filtered materials were taken into a round bottom flask and then condensed by evaporation of solvent from filtrate in a water bath at 50°C and 60°C for ethanol and water respectively up to final volume appeared to 10 ml. The condensed extracts were preserved in tightly cork-labelled bottle and stored in a refrigerator until their screening for acaricidal property. For ill vitro screening 0.5%. 1% and 2% solutions of each extract were prepared-by adding 99.5 ml. 99 ml and 98 ml of distilled water or ethanol to 0.5 ml, 1ml and 2ml of the concerned stock solution respectively. The plant extract was pi petted into a 500 ml beaker (Pyrex. com) with the help of micropipette (MarekLtd. 0.04 ml) and were mixed thoroughly with magnetic stirrer. All solutions were prepared just before trial. Adult cattle ticks, B. microplus were collected by hand picking from infested cattle ard were identified according to the keys given. Ticks collected in the early morning were brought to the laboratory and treated with the plant extracts. When it was not possible to treat the freshly collected ticks then they were maintained in the laboratory for 12-24 h according to the standard procedure. A thin layer of paste was made on the petridishes (4 inch.) with each plant materials and then 15 adult ticks were placed on the paste in each petridish. The petridishes were covered with fine cloth with the help of rubber band. and then each of the petridish was placed on another large petridish (6 inch). The space in between two petridishes was tilled with moist cotton to prevent desiccation. Observations were made at 24, 48 and 72 h interval. During the study, death of the tick was confirmed by the absence of the movement of their legs, in some cases, the ticks were pricked by tine needle. Dead ticks showed no movement despite pricking. For control study, equal numbers of ticks were placed on blank but moist pctridish. This petridish was also covered by moist cotton to protect from desiccation in same manner.

Source of Information: Bang I. J. Vet. Med., (2005). 3.(2): 118-123

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In the present study, the acaricidal effect of some indigenous plants such as neem, bishkatali, ata, sharifa and durba ghas were studied preparing their paste, aqueous extract and cthanol extract by giving in vitro trial on tropical cattle ticks (B. Microplus). The study has showed that ata and biskatali have great acaricidal value. However, in this study, only the adult ticks were used. So, further study may be conducted to determine the acaricidal effects of these plants against other ticks and also against their various developmental stages (e. g. eggs, larvae and nymphs). Besides, in vivo trial may be given in the the field condition to determine their acaricidal efficacy.

Knowledge Management: Journal