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Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture in the Tidal Flood Plain Area of Dumki Upazila, Patuakhali, Bangladesh

M. J. Hossain
PhD Fellow, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M. Z. Haque
Professor
Department of Agricultural Botany, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh

R. Satyajit
Community Development Associate
CBACC-CF Project, UNDP

M. Moniruzzman
DCEO, WMIP, Water Development Board, Barisal, Bangladesh

Z. Rahman
Project Manager
FAARM Project, Helen Keller International, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted on tidal flood plain area of Dumkii upazila, Patuakhali, Bangladesh. The objective of the study was to find out the existing agricultural production system, how climate change is affecting agricultural systems and advancing Aman and Boro/Rabi harvesting time to avoid tidal surge, cyclone and others climatic hazard. Primary data were collected using multiple approaches, e.g. key informant interviews, 20 interviews of each village (Muradia and Pangasia) of two. According to the field survey, it was clear that the local responses on climate changes were more significant on their perceptions. It has been reported that the area becomes extremely vulnerable during the month of May and November. The study showed that the existing cropping pattern with their local cultivars is more susceptible to natural hazards. This study also showed variation on rainfall patterns in different seasons. The average temperature is fluctuating year to year. This study showed that the Aman rice (30-50% yield loss) (Kharif-II) is more vulnerable due to climate change, early tidal surge more affected at seedling stage, heavy rainfall hamper at reproductive stage and tropical cyclone, high tidal surge massive devastation during repining Aman rice. The rabi crops are less vulnerable to climate change during sowing/transplanting but they are more vulnerable at harvesting period. In Kharif-I season Aus rice (20-65.5% yield loss) facing drought due to irregular rainfall during transplanting. In vegetables, pulse and oilseed (20-45% yield loss) production fluctuated with the fluctuation of rainfall, temperature and wet soil. Use short duration with photo-insensitive cultivars make advance the harvesting time of Kharif-I, Kharif-II and rabi/Boro crops to ensure safer harvest evading cyclonic damages and tidal surge hazards in Dumki upazila, Patuakhali, Bangladesh.

Keywords: Agricultural Systems, Climate Change, Cropping Pattern, Hazard, Rainfall, Temperature, Tidal surge

Location: Dumki upazila, Patuakhali, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Non-commodity: Weather/Climate

Objectives:

The main objective of the study was to investigate the operation of agricultural production system in the flood plain area of Bangladesh, and how this may be or are affected by climate change. The specific objectives were: 1. to identify existing agricultural systems and factors influencing production in the tidal flood plain area at Dumki upazila, Patuakhali, Bangladesh, 2. to advancing the Aman and Boro/Rabi harvest time for avoid tidal surge, cyclone and others climatic hazard, 3. to find out adaptation measures to reduce the impacts on agriculture production.

Methodology:

Study area: The study was carried out at Dumki upazila, Patuakhali, Bangladesh. It is located on the bank of Payra and Lohalia River. There are 5 Unions in the Dumki upazila having an area of 92.41 sq.km. The region was affected by tidal surge, cyclone, salinity, river erosion and submergence and frequent food shortage due to uncertainty of rainfall. Therefore, the region is susceptible to climate change and the ultimate effect goes on agricultural production (Banglapedia, 2010). Both primary and secondary data were collected in order to address the objectives of this study. Problems are discussed on the basis of secondary sources available online. The problems are discussed on expected climate changes, consequences for Bangladesh, e.g. its most vulnerable climate change-induced impacts. Rainfall and temperature data were collected from the nearby meteorological station, Patuakhali, Bangladesh and other relevant sources. Others sources include books, government and international reports, scientific articles and news articles that painted about climatic issues. Primary data were collected using multiple approaches including both quantitative and qualitative participatory rural appraisal (PRA) methods. The methods used included key informant interviews, 20 interviews per village, historical mapping of different climate related events over the past years that could be remembered, wealth ranking of different social economic groups based on local criteria they use and then direct field observations through transect walks. Climate of study area: Dumki upazila has a tropical monsoon climate as the whole Bangladesh enjoys the same. Three agricultural seasons are clearly dominating among six weather seasons. Rainfall is the major source of the water in this area. March and April are the summer, when temperature remains very high and the humidity is low. Sometimes there are storms (Bengali named as Kal Baishaki). The monsoon prevails from May to October and 90 percent of the annual rainfall occurs during this period. The average annual humidity is 84% and it remains high in monsoon and the heavy precipitation during the months of April to September and scanty rainfall during the months of October to March. Maximum temperature 35.3°C and minimum 12.1°C; annual rainfall 2506 mm. The minimum temperature can be seen during December and January. The mean of that period is 18° centigrade. The highest temperature of 42.8° centigrade can be seen in March or April. The lowest temperature of 5° centigrade occurs in January and April is the hottest month (Banglapedia, 2008). Cropping patterns: Although different varieties of crops are grown in Bangladesh, rice is overwhelmingly the dominant crop in terms of acreage and importance as the staple food. Rice alone accounts for about 75 per cent of the cropping area in the country. Majority farmers of Dumki upazila follow T.Aman-pulse-Fallow-Fallow cropping pattern. Transplanted Aman is the principal crop throughout the region. Aus and Rabi crops (mainly graspea, mungbean and chilli) are widely grown in non-saline areas. Other crops are betelnut, coconut, betel leaf, vegetables etc. Various factors that control the agricultural production are yield season, numbers of dry days, heavy rainfall, high temperature and potential evapotranspiration. According to these criteria, Dumki thana has three agricultural seasons named rabi (October-February), Kharif-I (March-June) and Kharif-II (July-September), Total agricultural practice under rainfed condition (Banglapedia, 2008).

Source of Information: AMERICAN RESEARCH THOUGHTS- Volume 1, Issue 10-2015, 2492-2512 ISSN: 2392 – 876X

Article Link (Online Journal): http://researchthoughts.us/UploadedArticle/215.pdf

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the interview of about 40 families and other sources in Dumki upazila showed that the main reasons of yield reduction (20-40% yield loss) in T. Aman crop are erratic rainfall, increased intensity and frequency of drought, fluctuating temperature, tidal surge, cyclone, use of local varieties, increased incidences of pests & diseases etc. in the context of climate change. Average yield level of Aman rice is being affected (30-50% yield loss) by tidal surge and tropical cyclone and that of T. Aus/Aus crop is being affected (20-65.5% yield loss) by drought, fluctuation rainfall. Vegetables, pulses and oilseed crops are being affected (20-45% yield loss) by soil wetness, excessive rainfall and water-logging in study area. A vast area of agricultural land that remains fallow or seasonal fallow (30-50%) in drought. The study areas tidal surge and tropical cyclone are major constrain for crop production and month of May and November most vulnerable time for agricultural production. Use short duration with photo-insensitive cultivars make advance the harvesting time of Kharif-I, Kharif-II and rabi/Boro crops to ensure safer harvest evading cyclonic damages and tidal surge hazards in Dumki upazila, Patuakhali, Bangladesh.

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