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Repellent Effect of Some Indigenous Plant Extracts Against Saw-toothed Grain Beetle, Oryzaephilus Surinamensis (l.)

M. M. R. SHAH
Scientific Officer
Entomology Division, Regional Wheat Research Center, BARI, Shyampur, Rajshahi,

M. D. H. PRODHAN
Scientific Officer
Entomology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur,

M. N. A. SIDDQUIE
Scientific Officer
On-Farm Research Division, Region-1, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Shyampur, Rajshahi,

M. A. A. MAMUN
Scientific Officer
On-Farm Research Division, Region-1, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Shyampur, Rajshahi,

M. SHAHJAHAN
Professor
Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Leaves of six indigenous plants viz., Typhonium trilobatum, Cleome viscosa, Cassia occidentalis, Pongamia pinnata, Mesua ferrea, and Trewia nudiflora were extracted using acetone, ethanol and water solvents. These extracts were evaluated for their repellent effect against Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) at 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0% concentrations. Three replications were used for each dose of all the plant extracts and examined in petridishes. Extracts of water solvent showed higher repellent effect than that of others except ethanol extract of M. ferrea. Considering mean repellency rate, extracts of three solvents of all six plants were in the same repellency class i.e. class II except water extract of P. pinnata (class III). It was found that the rate of repellency increased with the increase of dose level. At 10.0% dose level all plant extracts showed the highest repellency rate and were in repellency class III.

Keywords: Indigenous plant extract, Solvent, Repellent, Oryzaephilus surinamensis

Location: Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-06-2002

End Date: 00-08-2002

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Extract (plant, seed)

Objectives:

The present research work was undertaken to evaluate the possible repellent effect of six indigenous plant viz., Ghet-kachu (Typhonium trilobatum), Hurhuri (Cleome viscosa), Kalkasunda (Cassia occidentalis), Karanja (Pongamia pinnata), Nagchampa (Mesua ferrea), and Pitali (Trewia nudiflora) extracts against Saw-toothed grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis).

Methodology:

A study conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during June to August 2002. The methodology is discussed below with the following subheadings: Rearing Technique: Oryzaephilus surinamensis(L.) was reared in round plastic jars (14x10.5x30 cm) at 27-30⁰C and 70-75% RH. Wheat grains were sterilized at 60⁰C for 30 m and then used as food for rearing insects. Each jar was set up with 100 pairs of adult beetles. The mouths of the jars were covered with pieces of cloth fastened with rubber bands to prevent insect escape. The insects were allowed 7 days in the jars for mating and oviposition and were removed from the jar. Then the jars were placed in a growth chamber maintained at 27⁰C and 70% RH for completing the life cycle of insects after emergence from the eggs in the food. Dust preparation: Fresh leaves of T. trilobatum, C. viscosa, C. occidetalis, P. pinnata, M. ferrea, and T. nudiflora were collected kept in the shade for air-drying and then dried in the oven at 60⁰C. Dusts of dried leaves were prepared by using a grinder machine. Then the dusts were passed through a 25-mesh diameter sieve to obtain fine and uniform dust. Extraction procedure: The extracts were prepared according to Chitra et. al. (1993). Ten grams of each category of dust were taken in a 600 ml beaker separately and mixed with 100 ml of different solvents (acetone, ethanol and distilled water). Then the mixture was stirred for 30 m by a magnetic stirrer (at 6000 rpm) and left stand for next 24 hours. The mixture was then filtered through a fine cloth and again through filter paper (Whatman No.1). The filtered materials were collected in round bottom flasks and then condensed by evaporation of solvent in a water bath at 80⁰C, 55⁰C, and 45⁰C for water, ethanol and acetone extracts, respectively. Evaporation was done to make the volume of 10 ml and stored in a refrigerator. Preparation of different concentration: By diluting the condensed extracts with acetone, ethanol, and distilled water, the stock solutions of plant extracts were prepared. Four different concentrations viz., 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0% of each category of plant extracts were prepared by dissolving the stock solution in the respective solvent. Repellency test: The stock extract was diluted with respective solvents to prepare 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0% solutions. Repellency test was conducted according to the method of Talukder and Howse (1994). Petridishes were divided into two parts, treated and fresh grain portion (untreated). With the help of a pipette, 1 ml solution of each plant extract was applied to one half of the grains. The treated half was then air-dried. Ten O. surinamensis adults were released at the centre of each petridish and covered. For each plant extract and each dose, three replications were used. Then the numbers of insect pest present on each portion of the petridishes were counted at hourly intervals. The data were expressed as percentage repulsion (PR%) by the following formula: PR (%) = (NC-50) x 2. Where, NC= Percentage of insects present in the control half. Positive (+) values expressed repellency and negative (-) values attractency. Data (PR%) were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The average values were then categorized according to the classes of 0, I, II, III, IV and V having per cent repellency rate of >0.01 to 0.1, 0.1 to 20, 20.1 to 40, 40.1 to 60, 60.1 to 80 and 80.1 to 100, respectively (McDonald et al. 1970).

Source of Information: Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. 3(5):51-54 (August 2008)

Article Link (Online Journal): http://cidsbd.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/11.51-54.doc.pdf

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Extracts of water solvent showed higher repellent effect than that of others except ethanol extract of M. ferrea. Considering mean repellency rate, extracts of three solvents of all six plants were in the same repellency class i.e. class II except water extract of P. pinnata (class III). It was found that the rate of repellency increased with the increase of dose level. At 10.0% dose level all plant extracts showed the highest repellency rate and were in repellency class III.

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