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Detection and Quantification of Pesticide Residues in Selected Vegetables of Bangladesh

M. W. Islam
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

K. M. G. Dastogeer*
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

I. Hamim
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

M. D. H Prodhan
Entomology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur Bangladesh

M. Ashrafuzzaman
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A survey was conducted in intensive vegetable growing area in the Narsingdi district of Bangladesh regarding pesticides used by farmers on three major vegetables like eggplant, cauliflower, and country bean. On the basis of questionnaires, 23 farmers were interviewed and it was noted that fourteen pesticides belonging to different groups were found to be commonly used on the selected vegetables by the respondent farmers to control the major pests. In two selected locations of Narsinghdi 8.33 to 45.00 percent farmers were recorded to apply different pesticides every day and in some cases even twice in a day on vegetables. A total of 42 samples were collected from fields and markets and multiple pesticide residue analysis was done by Gas Chromatography (GC) with Flame Thermionized Detector (FTD) and Electron Capture Detector (ECD). Out of 42 samples, 27 had pesticide residue. Among these 27 samples, 14 samples had pesticide residues above the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). The detected pesticides were Diazinon, Malathion, Quinalphos, Fenitrothion, Cypermethrin, Fenvalerate and Propiconazole.

Keywords: Detection, Quantification, Pesticide, Residue, Vegetables

Location: Shibpur & Baroicha in Narsingdi

Start Date: 00-01-2011

End Date: 00-03-2011

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Insecticide

Objectives:

The present investigation was undertaken to identify the pesticides present in the randomly collected samples of vegetables from farm gates and marketed samples and to quantify the amount of detecting pesticide residues in those samples and compare with maximum residue limit (MRL) set by FAO/WHO (2002).

Methodology:

Survey and collection of pesticide data used by vegetable farmers: The survey was conducted in two important growing areas of country bean, cauliflower and eggplant such as Shibpur & Baroicha in Narsingdi. To document pesticide use on the vegetables concerned, thirteen farmers from Shibpur Upazilla and ten farmers from Baroicha were taken as sample respondent, So that the total numbers of respondents were twenty three as a whole from the two locations. These sample respondents were interviewed randomly during January to March, 2011, using objectives oriented redesigned questionnaire to document the use pattern of pesticides (types of pesticides, direction of the pesticide doses, method of selecting time to spray pesticides and interval of applying insecticides, pre-harvest interval etc.) and the major pests attacking the selected vegetables. Farmers who involved growing of above mentioned vegetables over the last couple of years were selected as a respondent sample. In order to get valid and reliable data, these were verified, corrected and rationalized by repeating questions, asking neighboring farmers, interviewer’s own judgment in evaluating the accuracy of responses. The interview schedule was designed to collect information on local units. Farmers’ practices related data were collected at two levels: directly from the Survey and collection of pesticide data used by vegetable farmers: The survey was conducted in two important growing areas of country bean, cauliflower and eggplant such as Shibpur & Baroicha in Narsingdi. To document pesticide use on the vegetables concerned, thirteen farmers from Shibpur Upazilla and ten farmers from Baroicha were taken as sample respondent, So that the total numbers of respondents were twenty three as a whole from the two locations. These sample respondents were interviewed randomly during January to March, 2011, using objectives oriented redesigned questionnaire to document the use pattern of pesticides (types of pesticides, direction of the pesticide doses, method of selecting time to spray pesticides and interval of applying insecticides, pre-harvest interval etc.) and the major pests attacking the selected vegetables. Farmers who involved growing of above mentioned vegetables over the last couple of years were selected as a respondent sample. In order to get valid and reliable data, these were verified, corrected and rationalized by repeating questions, asking neighboring farmers, interviewer’s own judgment in evaluating the accuracy of responses. The interview schedule was designed to collect information on local units. Farmers’ practices related data were collected at two levels: directly from the Field collected samples (250g) were taken for the extraction. Country bean, cauliflower and eggplant fruit, each of the sample taking 250g chopped by sterilizing knife on the chopping board. 20 g of the chopped sample was taken into a 250ml conical flask measuring by electric balance. Then 100 ml of hexane was added to it. Sodium sulphate (Na₂SO₄) was also added to the sample until the water was removed from the sample. The mixture was then macerated with high-speed homogenizer for 2 minutes. The homogenized material was then placed into a shaker for 12 hrs continuous shaking. After shaking, the slurry was filtered through a Buchner funnel with suction. The flask and filter cakes were rinsed with 8-10 ml of acetone/hexane each. The filtrate was then transferred into a 250 ml round bottom flask and was dried to 5-7 ml by evaporation using a rotary vacuum evaporator. The concentrated filtrate was then transferred into 500 ml separatory funnel making 10 ml volume with hexane. For color removal, around 20 ml methanol was added with 10 ml filtrate and shook vigorously for 3-5 minutes. After shaking, the separatory funnel was set on the stand and kept undisturbed for 3-5 minutes. Then the clear part of the solution from the bottom of the separatory funnel was collected in a vial which was then centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 5 minutes. After centrifugation, the supernatant was cleaned up by the SPE cartridge. Then the final volume was adjusted to 10 ml. This volume was used for injection.

Source of Information: Journal of Phytopathology and Pest Management (eISSN: 2356-6507), 2014, June1(2): 17-30

Article Link (Online Journal): http://ppmj.net/index.php/ppmj/article/viewFile/12/1.2.3

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Presence of pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits is an indicative change in use pattern of pesticides in Bangladesh, where shift has taken place from Organochlorines to the easily degradable groups of pesticides over the last few years. Out of 42 samples, 27 had pesticide residue. Among these 27 samples, 14 samples had pesticide residues above the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). The detected pesticides were Diazinon, Malathion, Quinalphos, Fenitrothion, Cypermethrin, Fenvalerate and Propiconazole.

Knowledge Management: Journal