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Clinical Observations with Therapeutic Management of Parasitic Bottle Jaw Syndrome in Calves

K. A. Hossain
Department of Livestock Services, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh.

M. A. Samad
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh - 2202, Bangladesh.

M. A. Islam
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh - 2202, Bangladesh.

A. A. Bhuiyan
Poultry Production Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study was conducted to study the etiology, clinical findings and therapeutic management of bottle jaw affected calves, which were brought for treatment at the Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) Veterinary Clinic during the period from July to December 2002. During this period, a total of 15 bottle jaw affected calves of either sex and aged between 6 to 12 months were selected and utilized for this study. Parasitological examination of the faeces samples of each of the 15 calves showed significantly higher incidence of mixed (80%) than single type of gastrointestinal helminth infection. Of the 15 calves examined, of which 13 (86.67%) calves were affected with Fasciola gigantira, 10 (66.67%) with Paramphistomum sp. and 7 (46.67%) calves with gastro intestinal nematodes. The highest infection rate was found with Fasciola gigantira and lowest with gastro-intestinal nematodes. History and clinical examination of these calves revealed malnutrition and the clinical signs recorded were normal rectal temperature, pulse and respiratory rate, loss of appetite (66.67%), rough hair coat (80.00%), pale conjunctival mucosa (86.67%), dehydration (100%), loss of body condition (100%), weakness (80%), dullness (46.67%), depression (60%), pot-belly (40%) and diarrhea (86.67%). The Tetranid^® (tetramisole plus oxyclozanide) was found to be highly effective against both the flukes and gastrointestinal nematodes. Fenbendazole (Peraclear^®, Techno Drugs) was highly effective against gastrointestinal nematodes which were associated with bottle jaw in calves. Treatment with anthelmintics followed by hematinic drugs resulted 100% recovery of parasitic bottle jaw cases in calves within 28^th day of treatment. Therefore, bottle jaw syndrome in calves, caused by gastro-intestinal helminths, could be successfully treated with anthelmintics with supportive treatment with any effective haematinic drugs.

Keywords: Parasitic bottle jaw syndrome, Calves, Clinical observations, Therapeutic management

Location: BAU Veterinary Clinic, Mymensingh.

Start Date: 00-07-2002

End Date: 00-12-2002

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Calf

Objectives:

To study the etiology, clinical findings and therapeutic management of bottle jaw affected calves

Methodology:

This study on bottle jaw syndrome was carried out on randomly selected 15 clinically sick cross breed calves. aged between 6 to 12 months of either sex, which were brought for treatment at the (BAU) Veterinary Clinic, Mymensingh during the period from July to December 2002. Clinical history obtained from the owner revealed that all selected calves had swollen chin with day-by-day examination and gastrointestinal disturbances. The description of each of the randomly selected 15 calves was recorded to assess their influence on the occurrence of the disease. Each of the 15 bottle jaw affected calves was thoroughly examined by using different clinical examination techniques. Rectal temperature was recorded by the help of clinical thermometer by introducing into the rectum. Detail clinical findings were recorded from each of the selected 15 calves. The following features were recorded from the affected calves through proper clinical examination such as rectal temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate and changes of appetite, body condition, dehydration, hair coat, conjunctival mucosa, dullness, depression, weakness, faeces consistency, abdominal size and edematous swelling in the inter-mandibular space. Faeces samples of each of 15 calves were collected directly from the rectum in separate plastic vial and brought to the laboratory of the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh for the parasitological examination. Each of the collected faeces samples was examined immediately after collection on conventional direct smear method and followed by quantitative Stoll's dilution technique for helminth eggs. The parasites like Fasciola sp., Paramphistomum sp. and other gastrointestinal nematodes were diagnosed on the basis of morphological characteristics of their eggs. According to types of parasites found, the calves were divided three groups, namely A (flukes), B (flukes plus gastrointestinal nematodes) and C (gastrointestinal nematodes). Potentiated anthelmintic, Tetranid^® (Techno Drugs) each bolus contains 2.0 g Tetramisole hydrochloride and and 1.4 g Oxyclozanide, which has been used in this study to treat the calves of groups A and B, whereas the calves of group C were treated with fenbendazole (Peraclear^®, Techno Drugs). Each of the calf of all the the three groups A, B and C was treated with hematinic IM injection, Hernatopan B₁₂^® (Advance Animal Science Co. Ltd.), Bional forte (Techno Drugs) and Bivinal forte (Novartis Bangladesh LId), respectively. Results were analyzed statistically with the help of Student's 't' test for significance.

Source of Information: Bangl.J. Vet. Med. (2005), 3 (2): 124-128.

Article Link (Online Journal): http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v3i2.11378

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The Tetranid^® (tetramisole plus oxyclozanide) was found to be highly effective against both the flukes and gastrointestinal nematodes. Fenbendazole (Peraclear^®, Techno Drugs) was highly effective against gastrointestinal nematodes which were associated with bottle jaw in calves. Treatment with anthelmintics followed by hematinic drugs resulted 100% recovery of parasitic bottle jaw cases in calves within 28^th day of treatment. Therefore, bottle jaw syndrome in calves, caused by gastro-intestinal helminths, could be successfully treated with anthelmintics with supportive treatment with any effective haematinic drugs.

Knowledge Management: Journal