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Allelopathic Potential of Five Labiatae Plant Species on Barnyard Grass (echinochloa Crus-galli)

A K M Mominul Islam
Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, JAPAN;The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3–5–7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790–8566, JAPAN; Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh–2202, BANGLADESH

Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, JAPAN; The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3–5–7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790–8566, JAPAN

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Uninterrupted application of synthetic herbicides to control barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. ) makes them resistance against many herbicides with different mode of action. To overcome this problem, many researchers are interested in searching new novel natural compounds in medicinal plants to develop natural herbicides. Plants belongs to the Labiatae family attracted the attention of many researchers in pharmacological interest because of their toxic potential and medicinal properties. However, there is very limited information available for the allelopathy of this family. To explore the allelopathic potential of the aqueous methanol extract of five Labiatae plants: Leucas aspera L., Leonurus sibiricus L., Ocimum tenuiflorum L., Mentha sylvestris L. and Hyptis suaveolens L. were tested against barnyard grass at four different concentrations (3, 10, 30 and 100 mg DW equivalent extract/mL). The root growth was more sensitive to the plant extracts than the coleoptile growth and the inhibitory activities were concentration dependent. At the concentration of 100 mg DW equivalent extract/mL, L. aspera and H. suaveolens plant extracts strongly inhibited the seedling growth of barnyard grass. However, at the same concentration the lowest inhibition was observed in case of O. tenuiflorum plant extract. Among the plant extracts, the seedling growth of barnyard grass was most susceptible to L. aspera plant followed by H. suaveolens to confirm 50% coleoptile and root growth inhibition (defined as I50), whereas that of barnyard grass was less susceptible to O. tenuiflorum. These results suggest that L. aspera and H. suaveolens possess strong allelopathic potential and therefore, could be used as the good candidates for isolation and identification of allelochemicals to develop environment friendly new natural herbicides to control barnyard grass.

Keywords: Allelochemicals; Hyptis suaveolens; Leonurus sibiricus; Leucas aspera; Medicinal plants; Mentha sylvestris; Natural herbicides; Paddy weed; Ocimum tenuiflorum; Sustainable agriculture

Location:

Start Date: 00-03-2012

End Date: 00-04-2012

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Herbicide

Objectives:

To investigate and compare the allelopathic potentiality of five Labiatae plant species which could finally help to find out the good candidates for isolation and identification of allelochemicals for the development of potent natural herbicides to control barnyard grass, the world worst paddy weed.

Methodology:

Plant materials - Whole plants (leaves, stem and roots) of Leucas aspera L., Leonurus sibiricus L., Ocimum tenuiflorum L., Mentha sylvestris L. and Hyptis suaveolens L. were collected from Bangladesh during the month of March-April, 2012. After collection, plants were washed with tap water to remove the soil and other debris followed by sun drying. The dried plants were then kept in a refrigerator at 2 ºC temperature until extraction. Test plant species - Barnyard grass was selected as a test plant species for the current experiment because of its worldwide distribution as a worst paddy weed. Extraction procedure - The whole parts (leaves, stem and roots) of each dried plant material (30 g) were cut into small pieces and extracted with 300 mL of 70 % (v/v) aqueous methanol for 48 h. After filtration using one layer of filter paper (No. 2; Advantec® Toyo Roshi Kaisha, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), the residue was reextracted with 300 mL of 100% methanol for 24 h and filtered. The two filtrates were combined and evaporated with a rotary evaporator at 40 ºC. All the activities i.e. washing, drying, storing, extraction and bioassay were done separately for each individual species throughout the whole research work. Bioassay - An aliquot of the extract (final assay concentration was 3, 10, 30 and 100 mg DW equivalent extract/mL) of each plant was evaporated to dryness at 40 ºC in vacuo by rotary evaporator, dissolved in 5.0 mL of methanol and added to a sheet of filter paper (No. 2) in a 28 mm Petri dish. The methanol was evaporated in a draft chamber then the filter paper was moistened with 0.6 mL of 0.05% (v/v) aqueous solution of Tween-20 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate; Nacalai Tesque, Inc., Kyoto, Japan) which was used for surfactant and did not cause any toxic effects. Ten pre-germinated (germinated in the darkness at 25 ºC for 24 h after overnight soaking) seeds of barnyard grass were arranged on the filter paper in the Petri-dishes. The coleoptile and root lengths of the seedlings were measured at 48 h after incubation in darkness at 25 ºC. Control seeds were sown on the filter paper moistened with 0.6 mL of 0.05% (v/v) aqueous solution of Tween-20 without plant extract. The inhibition percent was calculated using the following equation: Inhibition (%) = [1 - (length with aqueous methanol extract/length of control)] x 100. Statistical analysis - The bioassay experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with six replications. Experimental data were analyzed using predictive analytics software (PASW) statistics 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). All measured variables were subjected to two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the differences between the means were compared using the least significant difference (LSD) at a 5% level of probability. The concentration required for 50% inhibition (express as I50) of barnyard grass in the assay was calculated from the regression equation of the concentration response curves, using GraphPad Prism 5.0 (GraphPad Software, Inc., La Jolla, California, USA).

Source of Information: AJCS 7(9):1369-1374 (2013); ISSN:1835-2707

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results indicated that the aqueous methanol extracts of L. aspera and H. suaveolens have strong allelopathic potential than L. sibiricus, O. tenuiflorum and M. sylvestris plant extracts to suppress the seedling growth of barnyard grass. Therefore, L. aspera and H. suaveolens could be act as potential candidates for further isolation and identification of allelochemicals for the development of new natural herbicides to control barnyard grass from the paddy fields. Moreover, the crude extract and/or residue of L. aspera and H. suaveolens could also be recommended to apply directly as bio-herbicide.

Knowledge Management: Journal