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Prevalence of Infectious and Non-infectious Diseases in Cattle Population in Chittagong District of Bangladesh

A. T. M. Badruzzaman
Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh

Md. Saiful Islam Siddiqui
Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh

Md. Omer Faruk
Veterinary Surgeon, Hathazari Veterinary Hospital, Hathazari, Chittagong, Bangladesh

Nasrin Sultana Lucky
Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh

Mohammad Ali Zinnah
Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Ferdaus Mohd. Altaf Hossain
Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh

Md. Masudur Rahman
Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Background: Cattle are affected by many infectious and noninfectious diseases that can lead to economic losses to the farmers in terms of reduced growth and production performance and mortality. Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of infectious and noninfectious diseases of cattle in Chittagong district of Bangladesh. Methods: A total of 2614 clinical cases were diagnosed at five different veterinary hospitals in Chittagong district of Bangladesh during the year 2013. Disease diagnosis was made on the basis of owner’s statement, general examination, clinical signs, gross pathology, and laboratory procedures. Data were analyzed to determine disease prevalence in cattle with respect to breed, sex and season. Results: Diagnosed diseases were categorized as infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, digestive disorders, metabolic diseases, respiratory diseases and other diseases. According to our results, the prevalence of digestive disorders was the highest (45.14%) followed by parasitic diseases (30.64%), infectious diseases (9.49%), respiratory diseases (3.90%), metabolic diseases (3.18%) and other diseases (3.18%). Disease prevalence was highest in Cross-bred cattle (44. 23%) followed by Red Chittagong cattle (28.46%) and Non-descript Deshi (27.31%). Female were more susceptible to diseases (54.32%) than male cattle (45.68%). Disease prevalence varied according to seasons. Highest prevalence was recorded in summer season (37.49%) followed by rainy season (34.81%) and winter season (27.70%). Conclusions: Our large set of data on cattle disease prevalence in Chittagong district of Bangladesh provides valuable insight to design and implement priority based research on specific disease and to take efficient control strategies against the diseases.

Keywords: Bangladesh; Cattle; Infectious Disease; Non-Infectious Disease; Prevalence

Location:

Start Date: 00-01-2013

End Date: 00-12-2013

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cattle

Objectives:

To investigate the prevalence of cattle diseases considering breed, sex and seasons at five different locations of Chittagong division in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Study area and study period - This study was undertaken at five different Veterinary Hospitals located at five different Upazila (sub-district) under Chittagong district of Bangladesh namely Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Science University Satellite Clinic at Potia Upazila; Veterinary Hospital at Sadar Upazila; Veterinary Hospital at Hathajari Upazila; Community Based Veterinary Clinic at Sithakundo Upazila; Veterinary Hospital at Mirsorai Upazila. A total of 2614 clinical cases of cattle of different breed and sex were diagnosed during the period from January to December, 2013. The handling of animals in the study was performed in accordance with current Bangladesh legislation (Cruelty to Animals Act 1920, Act No. I of 1920 of the Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh). Diagnosis of diseases - Diagnosis of diseases was made by general physical examination of animals, clinical signs, gross pathology and laboratory proce-dures. During general physical examination animal’s body condi-tion, behavior, posture, gait, locomotive disturbance, pulse, respi-ration, temperature, abdominal distension, defecation etc were observed and/or recorded. Examination of different parts and sys-tems of the body of sick animals were performed by using the procedure of palpation, percussion, auscultation, needle puncture and walking of animals. Owner’s complaints were taken into ac-count while performing general physical examination of a sick animal. Animal’s breed, sex, age etc were also recorded in regis-tered book. Specific bacterial, viral, and fungal diseases were di-agnosed on the basis of specific clinical signs and gross lesions. In some cases, confirmatory diag-nosis were made by cultural and biochemical characteristics of causative organisms following standard procedure. Parasitic infes-tations were diagnosed by faeces examination under microscope as described previously. Blood smears were pre-pared and examined under microscope after Giemsa’s staining according to the methods described elsewhere to confirm hemoprotozoan infestation. Data analysis - Diagnosed diseases were categorized as infectious disease, parasitic disease, digestive disorder, respiratory disease, metabolic dis-ease and other diseases for statistical analysis. Obtained data were analyzed by using statistical software 'STATA/IC-11.0' where descriptive statistics was expressed as proportion with 95% confi-dence interval (CI). For Chi-square test, results were expressed in percentage with P-value and significance was determined when P<0.05. The influences of cattle breed, sex and season on the prevalence of diseases were also analyzed.

Source of Information: International Journal of Biological Research, 3 (1) (2015) 1- 4

Article Link (Online Journal): doi: 10.14419/ijbr.v3i1.3760

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Major diseases of cattle in Chittagong district of Bangladesh included digestive disorder, parasitic disease, infectious disease, respiratory disease and metabolic disease of which digestive disorders and parasitic diseases are predominantly prevalent diseases. Cross-bred female cattle are highly susceptible to most of the diseases. Large set of data on cattle disease prevalence in Chittagong district of Bangladesh provides valuable insight to design and implement priority based research on specific disease and to take efficient control strategies against the diseases.

Knowledge Management: Journal