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Comparative Efficacy of Albendazole, Fenbendazole and Livamisole Against Gastroitestinal Nematodiasis in Cattle of Bangladesh

Md. Monirul Islam
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Md. Siddiqul Islam
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Md. Matiar Rahman Howlader
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Nasrin Sultana Lucky
Department of Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science,Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Out of 52 cattle 30 were heavily infested with different gastrointestinal nematodes which were identified by faecal examination. Among 30 cattle 20 were selected randomly and divided into four groups (A, B, C and D). Group D was kept as infected control group. Group A, B and C were treated with patent drug Albendazole (Helmex-vet® 600 mg/Tab) 7.5, Fenbendazole (Peraclear® 250 mg/bolus) 7.5 and Levamisole (Ralnex® 708 mg/bolus) 7.5 mg/kg body weight orally for the determination of effects on blood parameters. Before trials with Helmex-vet®, Peraclear® and Ralnex® initial total egg count of gastrointestinal helminths and haematological parameters were examined and recorded. During the experimental period the faecal samples were examined on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day. Haematologi-cal parameters (TEC, Hb, ESR, TLC and PCV) were also examined from 7 to 28 days for the determination of effects of Helmex-vet®, Peraclear® and Ralnex®. A significant reduction of EPG of gastrointestinal nematodes were found on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day of Helmex-vet® (46.91%, 72.84%, 84.44% and 93.58%), Peraclear® (46.67%, 71.67%, 83.33% and 90.56%) and Ralnex® (49.27%, 72.82%, 93.93% and 85.80%) of group A, B and C respectively. The EPG of untreated group were significantly increased about 3.37%, 6.75%, 8.13% and 9.69% on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day respectively. After treatment with Helmex-vet®, Peraclear® and Ralnex®, TEC, Hb, TLC and PCV were increased and ESR were decreased in cattle. On the other hand, TEC, Hb, TLC and PCV were decreased and ESR was increased significantly (p<0.05) in untreated group.

Keywords: Anthelmintics; Cattle; Gastrointestinal Helminths; Heamatological Parameters; Nematodiasis

Location: Sreenagar milk shed area (Milk vita) in Mun-shigonj District, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-01-2010

End Date: 00-05-2010

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cattle

Objectives:

The present research work was conducted on the gastrointestinal nematodiasis in cattle at Sreenagar milk shed area (Milk vita) in Munshigonj District and was undertaken to study the comparative efficacy of Albendazole (Helmex-vet®), Fenbendazole (Pera-clear®) and Levamisole (Ralnex®) against gastrointestinal nema-todiasis in cattle and their influence on hematological parameters (TEC, Hb, ESR, TLC and PCV) in cattle.

Methodology:

Study area - This research work was carried out from January to May, 2010 in local dairy farm at Sreenagar milk shed area (Milk vita) in Mun-shigonj District, Bangladesh in collaboration with the department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh. The following procedures were adopted for performing of the research work.
The research work consisted of the following parts
i) Selection and grouping of the animals
ii) Collection of drugs and chemicals
iii) Design of experiment
iv) Fecal sample examination
v) Determination of hematological parameters
vi) Analysis of the results and calculation
2.2. Selection and grouping of the animals
Fecal samples from about 52 cattle (Both local and cross breed 1.5-3 years old) were examined by direct smear, flotation methods (Soulsby, 1986) and Egg counting Mc. Master Methods. A total of 20 positive cases were randomly selected and divided into 4 groups (A, B, C and D). Each group consists of 5 cattle which were both male and female.
The test parasites - Gastrointestinal nematodes were used as test parasites in this study. The most important gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle were Strongylids (Haemonchus sp., Mecistocirrus sp.), Trichuris sp., Trichostrongylus sp., Oesophagostomum sp. and Bunostomum sp.
Collection of drugs and chemicals - Three modern anthelmintics were purchased from local market
i) Tab. Helmex-vet® (Albendazole, Renata Limited, Bangla-desh).
ii) Tab. Peraclear® (Fenbendazole, Techno Drugs).
iii) Tab. Ralnex® (Levamisole hydrochloride, Novartis, Bangla-desh limited).
In addition, saturated salt solution, normal saline (0.9% NaCl so-lution), Anticoagulant (Sodium citrate 3.8%) Hayem’s solution, 0.14% HCl solution was prepared in the laboratory during the experiment.
Design of experiment - Out of 52 cattle 30 cattle were heavily infested with different gas-trointestinal nematodes which were identified by faecal examina-tion in the laboratory. Among 30 cattle, 20 were randomly select-ed for this experiment and divided into four equal groups (group A, B, C and D). Each group consisting of 5 cattle. Cattle of group D was kept as infected control group. Rest groups (Group A, B and C) of cattle were treated with patent drug Albendazole (Helmex-vet®) 600 mg/Tab) 7.5 mg/kg body weight orally, Fenbendazole (Peraclear®) 250 mg/bolus) 7.5 mg/kg body weight orally and Levamisole (Ralnex®) 708 mg/bolus) 7.5 mg/kg body weight orally for the determination of effects of these anthelmintics on blood parameters. Faecal sample examination - The sufficient amount of faecal samples were collected from the rectum by hand with gloves, was kept in polythene bag and these were marking with Tag number. These were brought to the labora-tory and examined by different methods.
a) By direct smear method
A small quantity of faeces was placed on a glass slide and 1-2 drops of tap water was poured on it. The diluted faeces were spreads over the slide by glass rod. The coarse undigested materi-als were removed by glass rod, covered with cover slip and the slide was examined directly under microscope with low power (10 × 6 ocular) lens. At least two slides from each faecal sample were examined.
b) By flotation method About 5gm of faeces was placed in a beaker and 25ml saturated salt solution was poured on it. The faeces were mixing by using glass rod. The faecal suspension was then strained and the filtrate was poured inside the glass vial up to its top. The glass slide was placed on it for touching the surface of the flaccid and kept for about 30 minutes, after which the glass slide was removed. The flaccid adhering to the slide was covered with cover slip and ex-amined under microscope with low power and occasionally high power lens. The parasitic eggs were identified following a standard method.
c) Egg counting Mc. Master method
5 gm faecal sample was taken in a beaker. 45 ml saturated salt solution was added in the beaker and mixed thoroughly. The mix-ture was then sieved to remove coarse particles. Chambers (2) of the Mc. Master slide were filled with suspension (Each chamber contain 0.15 ml suspension) and left for 3-5 minutes. Therefore the slide was examined under microscope using 10x objectives and 7x eye pieces. The number of eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces was calculated. The egg per gram (EPG) of faeces was counted on day “0” before giving treatment and on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th post treatment day. Faecal samples were counted from each animal of both treatment and control groups. Fresh samples were collected before each examination.

Source of Information: International Journal of Biological Research, 3 (1) (2015) 25-35

Article Link (Online Journal): doi: 10.14419/ijbr.v3i1.4301

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The finding of the present study revealed that Helmex-vet®, Pera-clear® and Ralnex® are highly effective for reduction of EPG of gastrointestinal nematodes in Bangladesh. These three drugs have wide therapeutic index and they may kill or inhibit egg production of gastrointestinal nematodes. However, the present result is pre-liminary control efficacy studies of anthelmintics which may help the future researchers to explore the details pharmacokinetic and toxic effects for wide therapeutic uses in Bangladesh for the treatment of parasitic infection in cattle.

Knowledge Management: Journal