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Therapeutic Efficacy of Ivermectin, Fenbendazole and Albendazole Against Naturally Occuring Gastrointestinal Nematodiasis Infection Black Bengal Goat of Bangladesh

Md. Aktaruzzaman
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh; Pharmacogenomics Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Md. Mirazul Islam
Pharmacogenomics Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Zahurin Mohamed
Pharmacogenomics Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Md. Siddiqul Islam
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

Md. Matiar Rahman Howlader
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin, fenbendazole and albendazole against gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected goats of government goat development farm, Sylhet, Bangladesh. The study included 50 black Bengal breed of which 30 were naturally infected and randomly selected 20 on the basis of their weight and egg count. Twenty black Bengal goats of 13-15 month old irrespective of sex infested with gastrointestinal nematodes were selected for this experiment and randomly divided into four equal groups (group A, B, C and D) where each group consisted of 5 goats and goats of group D were kept as control group. One injectable ivermectin (200 μgkg-1 body weight, S/C) preparations (Techno Drugs, Limited, Bangladesh) and two solid fenbendazole, albendazole (7.5 mgkg^-1 body weight, orally) preparations (Techno Drugs, Limited and Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Bangladesh) were used for posi-tive control of gastrointestinal nematodes as group A, B and C. Goats of group D was kept as control without giving any treatment. Be-fore trials (day 0), total egg count, blood samples and initial body weight were recorded. During the study period the fecal and blood samples were collected directly from rectum and examined on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day using McMaster fecal egg counting method. Body weight was recorded on day 28 following the treatments. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated through determination of parasitic prevalence, body weight gain/loss and hematological findings. Pre and post-treatment EPG (eggs per gram) values were recorded, and efficacies compared. The results showed that the efficacy of ivermectin was 100%, followed by fenbendazole 95.33% and albendazole 90.11%. The observed differences in efficacy between these three brands of anthelmintics were most likely due to variations either in quality or the administered doses. The body weight of the treated animals was slightly increased, which were significant (p<0.05). After treatment with ivermectin, fenbendazole and albendazole, Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Hemoglobin (Hb) content and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) were increased significantly (p<0.01 and p>0.05) in goats but Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and Total Leuko-cyte Count (TLC) were decreased significantly (p<0.05 and p>0.01) in all treated goat and body weight was increased significantly (p<0.01) on day 28. The farm management practices along with results of the present study revealed the efficacy of multiple anthelmin-tics against gastrointestinal nematodiasis in goat. Additional detailed studies are required to clarify the current status of the efficacy of the anthelmintics widely used in different agro ecologies, animal species and livestock management systems in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Comparative efficacy; gastrointestinal nematodes; goat; Sylhet

Location: Department of Pharmacolo-gy and Toxicology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet

Start Date: 00-01-2013

End Date: 00-06-2013

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Goat

Objectives:

To evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin, fenbendazole and albendazole against gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected goats of government goat development farm, Sylhet, Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet and Sylhet Government Goat Development farm, Sylhet. Bangladesh was selected in this study. The research was carried out during the period of January to June, 2013. The following procedures were adopted for performing the experiment. Twenty black Bengal goats of 13-15 months old are selected within the randomly sam-pling goats which were severely infected with gastrointestinal nematodiasis irrespective of the species of parasites involved. These twenty goats were randomly divided among four groups each comprising of five goats and marked as A, B, C and D. Blood and fecal samples were collected from each black Bengal goat and after prescribing a proper identification tag it and were immediately brought to the Pharmacology and Toxicology Labor-atory, Sylhet, Bangladesh for fecal examination. Weekly EPG count was done on day 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th post treatment by McMaster egg counting technique. McMaster fecal egg count method was used. With sterile syringe and needle maintaining aseptic condition, 5 ml of blood sample was collected from jugular vein of each black Bengal goat and kept in vials containing anticoagulant (sodium- EDTA) and this was done on day of 0, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th dur-ing experimental period. The hematological parameters were ex-amined at the laboratory of the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sylhet, Bangladesh. Live weight gain of each group on recorded on day 0 and 28 using digital weight balance. Goats of group A were treated with Vermic injection (Ivermectin 1%, Techno Drugs, Ltd., Bangladesh) subcutaneously at the dose rate of 200μgkg^-1 body weight, group B was treated with tablet Peraclear (Fenbendazole, Techno Drugs, Ltd., Bangladesh) orally at the dose rate of 7.5 mgkg^-1 body weight. Group C was treated with tablet Almex-Vet (Albendazole, Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Bangladesh) orally at the dose rate of 7.5 mgkg^-1 body weight and goats of group D served as untreated control. All the goats of treated and control groups were closely observed for 28 days after treatment. The fecal samples were collected from the treated and control groups of goats on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day of treatment to investigate the fecal egg count. The blood samples were collected from the treated and untreated control groups on the day ‘28’ of treatment and hematological parameters, TEC, Hb, PCV, ESR and TLC were determined. All the data were statistically analyzed by the computer using statistical package programmed MSTAT-C and following the standard methods by Snedecor and Cochran. The eggs of parasites were identified on the basis of morphological characteristics and then counted.

Source of Information: International Journal of Biological Research, 3 (1) (2015) 42-45

Article Link (Online Journal): doi: 10.14419/ijbr.v3i1.4267

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The findings of the present study revealed that Haemonchus spp, Trichostrongylus spp, Cooperia spp, Oesophagostomum spp, Tri-churis spp, Strongyloides spp and mixed infections are prevalent in Bangladesh. Ivermectin (Vermic, injectable formulation), Fen-bendazole (Peraclear) and Albendazole (Almex-Vet) are effective in the reduction of EPG of gastrointestinal nematodes. This study indicated that Vermic (Ivermectin) is highly effective on egg count (EPG) and hematological parameters (TEC, Hb, PCV, ESR and TLC) in gastrointestinal nematodiasis in goats than that of Almex-Vet (Albendazole) and Peraclear (Fenbendazole) during the experiment. These three anthelmintics have wide therapeutic index and are capable of killing or inhibiting egg production of gastrointestinal nematodes. The findings of the present study may help the future researchers to explore the details pharmacokinetic and toxic effects, for wide therapeutic uses in Bangladesh for the treatment and control of parasitic infection in goat. Further studies are required to clarify the efficacy of the anthelmintics widely used in different agro ecologies, animal species and livestock management systems in Bangladesh. From these research findings, the veterinarian may use the specific anthelmintics for gas-trointestinal nematodiasis in goats. Further studies on anthelmintics pharmacokinetic and toxicity would be helpful.

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