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Effects of Oxyclozanide ( Tremacid®) Preparation Against Fascioliasis on Clinical and Haematological Parameters in Cattle of Bangladesh

Naim-Ul-Alam
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Md. Siddiqul Islam
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Md. Matiar Rahman Howlader
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Nasrin Sultana Lucky
Department of Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The effects of Oxyclozanide (Tremacid®) on some clinical (body weight) and haematological parameters (TEC, Hb, PCV, ESR and TLC) were determined in this study. Among 55 cattle, 10 were selected, which were suffering from fascioliasis and divided randomly into two groups. Each group was consisting of five cattle. One was treated with Tremacid® @ (15 mg/kg body weight). Other was kept as an infected control group. Before trials with Tremacid® initial body weight, EPG of liver fluke and hematological parameters were examined. During the experimental period the faecal samples, clinical and hematological parameters were examined on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days for the determination of effects of Tremacid®. A significant reduction of EPG count was found on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day of Tremacid® (61.87%, 71.22%, 76.98% and 84.53%) in a treated cattle group. The EPG of an untreated control group was significantly (p<0.01) increased about 3.97%, 7.64%, 11.04% and 64.89% respectively. Total TEC was increased after treatment with Tremacid® and decreased in an untreated control group significantly (p<0.01), Likewise, after treatment with Tremacid® Hb content and PCV were increased, and ESR was decreased. Total leukocyte count (TLC) was decreased and the body weight was increased after Tremacid® treatment in the group A. On the other hand, Hb content PCV and body weight was decreased significantly (p<0.01) in the group B.

Keywords: Body Weight; Cattle; Fascioliasis; Haematological Parameter; Oxyclozanide

Location: Sreenagar milk shed area (Milk vita) in Munshigonj District, Bangladesh in collaboration with the department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-01-2010

End Date: 00-06-2010

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cattle

Objectives:

1. To determine the effects of Oxyclozanide (Tremacid®) on haematological parameters (TEC, Hb, ESR, TLC and PCV) in cattle, and
2. To determine the effects of Oxyclozanide (Tremacid®) on a clinical parameter (body weight) in cattle.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted in Sreenagar milk shed area (Milk vita) in Munshigonj District, Bangladesh in collaboration with the department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh for a period of 28 days to study the effects of Oxyclozanide (Tremacid®) against liver fluke infection (Fascioliasis) in cattle. In this study, the effects of Oxyclozanide (Tremacid®) on some hematological parameters and body weight were also determined. The research work was carried out from January, 2010 through June, 2010.
Experimental animals (cattle)
Among fifty five (55) cross bred ten (10) cattle of both sexes aged between 1.5 to 3 years were primarily selected in this study. All the cattle were examined for the presence of liver fluke (Fasciola gigantica).
The test drug
The bolus preparation of Oxyclozanide (Tremacid®,Renata Ltd., @ 15 mg/kg body weight) was selected for the experiment and purchased from Pharmaceutical store of local market. The drug was used for positive control and to compare the anthelmintics efficacy of Oxyclozanide (Tremacid®) in cattle.
Chemicals and reagents
a) Hydrochloric acid (0.14% HCl solution)
b) Saturated salt solution
c) Normal saline (0.9% Nacl solution)
d) Immersion of Iosan® (Novartis Bangladesh Ltd.)
e) Anti-coagulant (Sodium citrate 3.8%)
f) Hayem’s solution
Instruments and appliances
a) Microscope
b) Pestle and mortar
c) Measuring balance
d) Handle and blade
e) Sterile cotton
f) F) Beaker
g) Haemacytometer
h) HelligeHaemometer
i) Hand gloves
j) Poly Bags
k) Tray
Selection of cattle
Among fifty five (55) cattle, ten (10) cattle were selected for this study that were suspected to suffer from liver fluke (Fasciola gi-gantica) infection (Direct smear faecal examination), and they were marked by tag at the neck. Detail clinical, physical and mi-croscopic examinations of faecal sample for liver fluke egg counts by slide method were carried out on cattle over a week prior to commencement of treatment. All these cattle were maintained at the same altitude and under nearly identical conditions. They were kept in animals shed at night and part of the day. Wheat bran, rice polish, maize and salt are mixed together and supplied to the cattle up to 1-2 kg approximately daily. All the cattle were allowed for free pasture grazing for 2-3 hours daily. Plenty of water was also provided to all cattle.
Experimental design
Total 10 cattle infected by Fasciola gigantica were selected from 55 cattle and were divided randomly into two groups (A, B), each group consisting of five cattle. Cattle of group A were treated with Oxyclozanide (Tremacid®,Renata Ltd., @ 15 mg/kg body weight) orally. Cattle of group B were kept as the infected control group without giving any treatment. Before trials (pre-treatment/day 0) with Oxyclozanide, initial body weight, total egg counts of liver fluke and hematological parameters were examined and recorded. During the experimental period, the were also examined on day 0 and 28. The hematological parame-ters (TEC, Hb, ESR, TLC and PCV) were also examined on day 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th for the determination of effects of Oxy-clozanide (Tremacid®).
Faecal sample examination
Faecal samples were collected directly from the rectum of each cattle. The samples were numbered according to the tag number of the cattle. In an extra sheet, tag number of the cattle, date of col-lection, age of the animals, health condition and other particulars were recorded. Immediately after collection samples were sent to the laboratory for examination by modified Stoll’s Dilution Method .

Source of Information: International Journal of Biological Research, 3 (1) (2015) 46-55

Article Link (Online Journal): doi: 10.14419/ijbr.v3i1.4486

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The finding of the present study revealed that commercial product Oxyclozanide (Tremacid®) is effective for reduction of EPG of Fasioliasis. This drug has wide therapeutic index, and they may kill or inhibit egg production of liver fluke in cattle. However, the preliminary control efficacy studies of anthelmintic may help to explore the details of pharmacokinetic study. The findings of the present study revealed that Oxyclozanide (Tremacid®) is effective for reduction of EPG of liver fluke (Fasciola spp.). However, the present results are also preliminary control efficacy studies of parasitic infestation and anthelmintics, which may help the future researches to explore the detailed pharmacokinetic and toxic ef-fects for wide therapeutic uses in Bangladesh for the treatment of parasitic infection in other animals.

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