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Prevalence of Subclinical Mastitis and Its Association with Bacteria and Risk Factors in Lactating Cows of BARIsal District in Bangladesh

MEH Kayesh
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh

M Talukder
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh

AKMM Anower
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The subclinical mastitis is more serious and is responsible for much greater loss to the dairy industry in Bangladesh. This study was per-formed to determine the prevalence of bovine subclinical mastitis and to isolate and identify the bacterial agents and risk factors associat-ed with subclinical mastitis in randomly selected 200 lactating cows (147 local zebu and 53 crossbreds) of Barisal district in Bangladesh. California Mastitis Test (CMT) was performed on each quarter sample of lactating cows at field condition for determination of subclini-cal mastitis. Out of 200 lactating cows, 57 were found to be positive for subclinical mastitis by CMT. Out of 57 CMT positive cows, only 15 cows showed strong positive reactions and these samples were used for bacteriological culture to isolate and identify bacterial agents. The overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 28.50%. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis was significantly high in crossbreds (45.28%) compared to local zebu (22.45%) (p < 0.05). Based on CMT results of quarters, prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 40.57% (n=212) in crossbreds and 20.92% (n=588) in local zebu cows. The prevalence was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in cows with a daily milk yield of 3-5L and 5-7L. The highest prevalence found in mid lactation was 32.50% and the highest prevalence in the age group of 7 to 9 years was 37.50%. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis was comparatively higher (32.69%) in lactating cows where housed with earthen floor compared to concrete floor (23.17%). Among the pathogens isolated from the strongly positive subclinical mastitis samples, the most frequent bacteria were Staphylococcus spp. (73.33%). For early detection of subclinical mastitis, CMT can be performed regu-larly as a control measure and emphasis should be given on farm management practices, particularly on milking procedure and udder sanitation.

Keywords: Bacteria, CMT, Prevalence, Risk factors, Subclinical mastitis

Location: Five upazilas (Babugonj, Ujirpur, Gournadi, Barisal Sadar and Bakergonj) in Barisal district of Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-04-2013

End Date: 00-03-2014

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cow

Objectives:

To determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis and to isolate and identify the bacterial agents and risk factors associated with sub-clinical mastitis in lactating cows of Barisal district, Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Study area and study animals
A cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected 200 lactating cows (147 local zebu and 53 crossbreds) of five upazilas (Babugonj, Ujirpur, Gournadi, Barisal Sadar and Bakergonj) in Barisal district of Bangladesh during the period of April 2013 to March 2014. The information on animals such as age, breed, and parity, stage of lactation and daily milk yield, and type of floor used for housing of the animals was recorded using a semi-structured questionnaire by asking to the owners and/or attendants of the animals.
Aseptic milk sample collection and physical examination
Fresh milk samples of approximately 10 ml amount from each quarter of randomly selected apparently healthy cows were col-lected aseptically in separate glass tube at morning milking and the tube was labeled with the number of the cow. Immediately after collec-tion, milk samples were subjected to physical examination with naked eyes to detect any abnormalities in color, odor, consistency and presence of clot, blood, flakes and any other visible abnormal-ities. These aseptically collected milk samples were used for CMT.
Determination of subclinical mastitis
Two hundred lactating cows were tested with CMT using a CMT Kit (Leucocytest®, Synbiotics Corporation, France) to detect sub-clinical mastitis in four quarters of the udder. The CMT was con-ducted according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The CMT reagent reacts with DNA of epithelial and inflammatory cells pre-sent in the milk sample. CMT results were read immediately and were scored for each quarter depending on the thickness and amount of the gel formed. In this study, CMT scores of ‘0’ and trace (±) were taken as negative or normal whereas, CMT scores of 1+ (weak positive), 2+ (distinct positive) and 3+ (strong posi-tive) were considered as indicators of subclinical mastitis. In the present study, a subclinical mastitis case was defined as an animal with at least one of the quarters with a CMT score of ≥1+.
Isolation and identification of bacterial agents
The milk samples that showed strong positive reactions (score value 3+) in CMT were taken for bacteriological culture. Isolation of bacterial agents from these samples were done by culturing the milk samples on nutrient agar, blood agar, MacConkey agar and eosin methyene blue (EMB) agar plates. The inoculated plates were incubated at 370C under aerobic condition for 24-48 hours. Identification of the bacterial agents from the pure culture were done based on their colony characteristics, Gram staining reaction, hemolysis pattern and biochemical test.
Statistical analysis
Prevalence was calculated as the number of positive cases of sub-clinical mastitis per 100 cows tested. The association of age, breed, parity, stage of lactation, daily milk yield and type of floor with the CMT positivity was determined by Chi-square test using SPSS-17.0 software and 95% was taken for significance level of the result.

Source of Information: International Journal of Biological Research, 2 (2) (2014) 35-38

Article Link (Online Journal): doi: 10.14419/ijbr.v2i2.2835

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis in cows of Barisal district in Bangladesh was 28.50%. Moreover, the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in crossbred cattle is more than that of local zebu cattle. From the results it also can be concluded that certain risk factors including age, breed, parity, lactation, floor type and daily milk yield may have been responsible for high prevalence of subclinical mastitis in lactating cows. The Staphylococcus spp. was most frequent bacterial agents associated with subclinical mastitis in cows in the study area. Good management might help in the reduction of prevalence of subclinical mastitis and for early detection of subclinical mastitis CMT can be performed on a regu-lar basis as a control measure. By identifying the causal agent, the best antibiotic could be used to counter a specific bacterium species.

Knowledge Management: Journal