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A Study of Source-sink Relationship in Mungbean

M. Monjurul Alam Mondal
PhD student, Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural university, Mymensingh
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural university, Mymensingh

Prof. Dr. Md Solaiman Ali Fakir
Professor
Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural university, Mymensingh

Dr. M. A. Hamid
Director General
Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Field experiments were carried out during 2002-2006 under subtropical condition to assess important source-sink characters on the basis of variability, correlation, path and stability analysis, induced levels of defoliation and deflowering, and anatomical features of rachis in raceme of a number of mungbean genotypes. Results with 45 mungbean genotypes across locations and seasons showed significant genetic variability and stability. Leaf area was the most important source determining total dry mass (TDM), pod and seed yield, as indicated by genotypic correlation study. On the other hand, number of flowers, pods and 100-seed weight constituted central important sinks and that these exerted direct positive influence on seed yield as revealed by path analysis. Flowering pattern study revealed that maximal flower production occurred in 10-15 days after anthesis produced higher seed yield and that the number of flowers appeared more important than reproductive efficiency. Results from defoliation and deflowering study revealed that induced source-sink levels altered TDM and seed yield and that mungbean plant compensated yield for 25% basal leaf (source) and 80% flower (sink) loss at early reproductive stage, attended with increased number of flowers and pods plant^-1. Apart from source and sink limitation to yield, anatomical barrier due to poor vasculatures, undeveloped xylem and phloem tissues at the narrow distal end of rachis in raceme also limited flower and pod production and thereby yield.

Keywords: Munbean, Source-sink, Flowering pattern, Defoliation, Deflowering

Location: Research Farm, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh and Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-00-2002

End Date: 00-00-2006

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Mungbean

Objectives:

i) To select important source and sink characters

ii) To assess magnitude and pattern of flower production and pertaining dry matter balance

iii) To evaluate performances of mungbean genotypes under discriminated source and sink levels

iv) To investigate nodal position effects on yield in mungbean genotypes.

Methodology:

The first experiment was conducted at two locations viz., Field laboratory, Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh and the Ishurdi farm of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) in the Kharif-II (August-November), 2002 and Kharif-I (February-May) season, 2003. Another four experiments were conducted in Field laboratoty, Department of Crop Botany, BAU, Mymensingh during the period from Kharif-II, 2003 to Kharif-I, 2006. Fot 1^st experiment,forty-five local and exotic genotypes of mungbean were grown in two successive seasons in the Kharif-II, 2002 and Kharif-I, 2003 over two locations viz., BAU farm, Mymensingh and BINA farm, Ishurdi. A randomised complete block design with three replications Uniform plant stands (30 plants m^-2) were maintained in both seasons. The opened flowers were counted daily. Leaf area index and harvest index were calculated from the collected data. Leaf area plant^-1 was measured by automatic leaf area meter (Model:LICOR 3000,USA) at 70 DAS i.e at pod growth and development stages. The total dry matter plant^-1 was estimated by summing dry matter of leaves, stem, root and pods dry weight per plant. Leaf area index was estimated from a cropped area of one square meter. Harvest index was determined following the method of Donald and Hamblin (1976). Percent pod set to opened flowers was calculated as follows: % pod set = (Number of pods plant^-1 ÷ Number of opened flowers plant^-1) × 100. Seed yield was computed on plot yield basis and converted into kilogram hectare^-1. Phenotypic and genotypic correlations were estimated according to Johnson et al. (1955). Path co-efficient analysis was performed following the method of Dewey and Lu (1959). Phenotypic index was estimated as suggested by Ram et al. (1970). The two stability parameters were determined separately for each genotype according to the models outlined by Eberthart and Russell (1966). In 2nd experiment, the eight defoliation treatments were: i) control (no leaf removal), ii) 25 % leaves removed from bottom (basal 25%), iii) 25 % leaves removed from top (top 25%), iv) 50 % leaves removed from bottom (bottom 50%), v) 50 % leaves removed from top (top 50%), vi) 75 % leaves removed from bottom (bottom 75%), vii) 75% leaves removed from top (top 75%) and viii) 100 % leaves removed. In 3rd experiment, seven deflowering treatments were employed at the beginning of opening of flowering phase (35 and 45 days after sowing in Kharif-I and Kharif-II, respectively). The deflowering treatments were: (i) control (No flower removal), beginning from first day of flowering, all opened flowers were removed continuously for (ii) 5 days; (iii) 10 days; (iv) 15 days; (v) 20 days; (vi) 25 days; and (vii) 30 days. The anatomical investigation of the rachis has been made on the basis of flower removal from the developmental point of view. Two different types of rachis were hand sectioned. One is normal (untreated or control) with 4-6 nodes bears 3-5 pods at proximal end and pod develops naturally up to maturity. Other type is deflowered (treated) rachis where flower was removed from basal 10, 20 and 30 nodes and then allowed the rachis to develop pods naturally up to maturity. After ceasement of deflowering in the rachis, pods were found to be set at 11-15, 21-24 and 30-34 nodes, respectively for 10, 20 and 30 nodes deflowered rachis. The collected data were analyzed statistically.

Source of Information: PhD Thesis by M. Monjurul Alam Mondal, Roll No. 03, Session: 2001-2002, Registration No. 13113 (1984-‘85), Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Leaf area is the most important source determining total dry mass (TDM), pod and seed yield of mungbean. Number of flowers and pods constitute central important sinks and that these exerted direct positive influence on seed yield. Higher number of flower production is more important than reproductive efficiency in mungbean. Defoliation and deflowering study revealed that induced source-sink levels altered TDM and seed yield and that mungbean plant compensated yield for 25% basal leaf (source) and 80% flower (sink) loss at early reproductive stage. Apart from source and sink limitation to yield, anatomical barrier due to poor vasculatures, undeveloped xylem and phloem tissues at the narrow distal end of rachis in raceme also limited flower and pod production and thereby yield.

Knowledge Management: Thesis