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Peste Des Petits Ruminants (ppr) Control in Selected Areas of Bangladesh

M. R. Islam
Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

M. Giasuddin
Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

M. Hossain
Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

M. A Haque
Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

A. R. Bhuyan
Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

G. M. Ahmed
Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A small scale pilot project was implemented with the objective of developing a viable PPR control mechanism in five selected areas of Bangladesh. The purposes included, determination of goat and sheep population in those areas,conduct sero-surveillance and epidemiological studies of PPR, awareness campaigns and thus prevention.The development of a control strategy, undertake phased vaccination program and assessment of conferred immunity and vaccine efficacy were also part of the project objectives. Goat population was determined in 5 selected villages by door to door baseline survey with pre-tested questionnaire. Collection of epidemiological data was done by regular visit and communication with farmers. Awareness building campaigns with villagers were conducted involving both men and women through meeting, regular visit of household, postering and distribution of leaflet. A mass vaccination program was carried in all goats (3+ months) of 3 treatment villages (where around 2200 goats were vaccinated) after initial sero-surveillance; subsequently regular vaccination is being carried out for kids and newly purchased goats. Five hundred and six sera samples were collected for conducting sero-surveillance from the control and treatment villages and 321 sera samples were collected from vaccinated goats for post-vaccination sero monitoring. All sera samples were tested by cELISA. Baseline study showed that, a total of 952 household rear goats in selected five villages where number of goats per household was 3.03-3.45. Predominating Black Bengal breed was reared by the different categories goat farmers, among them 73.52% were landless and marginal (.05-0.49 acres of land/per household), 24.58% smallholder (0.5-2.49 acres) and only 2.73% were medium land holdeing (2.5-7.49 acres) farmers. Black Bengal comes in first estrous at the age of 6 to 7 months and gives first kid at the age of 12 to 13 month, usually they give birth of two kids at first parturition. Pre-vaccination sera analysis showed that in three treatment village seropositive goats were 11.36%, 45.39% and 59.72% in Pouly, Modukhali and Misridiara, respectively, whereas in the control villages seropositive goats were 0% and 53.03% in Chamta and Bahirampur, respectively. Analysis of sera from 21 days post-vaccinated goat from the treatment villages showed that 89.47%, 97.87% and 95.10% are positive in Pouly, Modukhali and Misridiara, respectively. Overall 46.53% goats were seropositive in three treated villages before vaccination but 21 days post-vaccination herd immunity rose to 95.65%. Epidemiologically, PPR, FMD and some other non-specific diseases were recorded from February to May, 2014 in the study period. It showed new entry of goats in the household or village is most important risk factor for PPR virus circulation which was found in two outbreaks in the study areas. From the results of persistence of maternal antibody, it can be said that first vaccination in kid or lamb should be given around 3 months of age. Comparatively sero-positive goats were more in the selected villages in Jessore district as compared to the villages of Manikgonj district. This indicated that either PPR virus circulation was more in Jessore district than that of Manikgonj or farmer hided vaccination records. It was also reflected that locally produced PPR vaccine confers sufficient herd immunity until the study period

Keywords: PPR, Goat, Sero-surveillance, Vaccine efficacy, Herd immunity, Control program

Location: Jessore and Manikgonj

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Goat, Diseases

Objectives:

a) To conduct surveillance and epidemiological studies to determine present status of PPR, factors for the spread and persistence of the disease

b) To undertake sero-monitoring activities (post vaccination) to determine the level of conferred immunity

c) To enhance the knowledge of small ruminant farmers, public and private technical personnel PPR recognition, prevention and control through awareness campaigns

d) To assist in the development of a strategic national PPR control program for Bangladesh, and laboratory capacity to diagnose and analyze samples collected during surveillance, sero-monitoring exercises and routine diagnosis and

e) To get an in depth understanding of problems and the prospects of implementing program

f) To develop diagnostics for PPR.

Methodology:

The pilot project was conducted in 5 villages (3 from Jessore and 2 from Manikgonj) which were; 1. Modhukhali (Union- Shimulia, Upazila-Jikorgacha, Dist-Jessore) 2. Misridiara (Union-Magura, Upazila-Jikorgacha, Dist.-Jessore) 3. Bahirumpur (Union- Magura, Upazila-Jikorgacha, Dist.-Jessore) 4. Pouli (Union-Pouroshobha, Upazila-Sadar, Dist.-Manikgonj) 5. Chamta (Union-Sombhag, Upazila-Sadar, Dist.-Manikgonj). This activities were done with support from the Bangladesh Livestock Research institute (BLRI), Departments of Livestock Services (DLS) and ECTAD unit, FAO Dhaka. Activity 1: Determination of goat and sheep population in the selected areas. It was done by conducting a baseline survey during which questionnaire was prepared. In these selected areas, all the farmers enrolled in the pilot project were registered. Activity 2: Conduct sero-serveillance and epidemiological studies of PPR. At first random blood sampling was done with the help of Upazilla Livestock office (ULO) and then blood sera were tested with cELISA kit to assess the titre against PPR. Epidemiological studies were conducted throughout the year in the proposed areas. Disease investigation, sample collection and test was performed accordingly. Activity 3: Awareness campaigns on PPR recognition, prevention and control. PPR-RLDL provided training on vaccination and PPR control and awareness for farmers and vaccinators. A colour poster was designed and printed for farmers and was placed at strategic public places in the villages. Activity 4: Vaccination program. Required PPR vaccine was collected directly from vaccine production center, LRI, Mohakhali. BLRI was responsible for collection and distribution to respective Upazila Livestock Office (ULO) office in Jikorgacha, Jessore and Sadar, Manikgonj. The Upazila Livestock Office was responsible for local vaccine storage and/or distribution. The vaccination campaign and awareness development activities were done jointly by the local ULO and BLRI. Pilot project was run to achieve immunity in the available flock through phased vaccination of 75-80% of sheep and goat population against PPR in the selected areas of the country. Two villages (Misridiara and Modhukhali) at Jikorgacha and one village (Pouli) at Manikgonj was named as treatment village and other two villages (Bahirumpur and Chamta) respectively were treated as control villages. The strategy involved using a phased vaccination strategy and sero- surveillance which was applied as (1) Targeted vaccination of highly susceptible age group (4 to 12 months of age) (2) Intensive vaccination of whole flock of the treatment villages. The goats of control villages were not get any vaccination or intervention was made except epidemiological observation. The aim was to compare villages where phased mass vaccination to achieve 70-80% herd immunity was taking place to those villages where no vaccination or sporadic /unplanned vaccination (if any) was undertaken. This progressive control strategy using intensive surveillance and phased vaccination program over the next 1 years will ensure the attainment of at least 75% immune population of small ruminants in the study area necessary to block the epidemic cycle of the virus. Activity 5: Assessment of conferred immunity and vaccine efficacy. Blood sera were collected 0 and 21 days of vaccination from randomly selected goats/sheep, blood were tested with cELISA kit to assess the titer levels. From the control village blood sera were collected from randomly selected goat. A protocol detailing field sample collection procedure had been developed .

Source of Information: Proceedings of the Annual Research Review Workshop 2013-2014, BLRI, Savar, Dhaka. Publication No.261, pp: 287-301, October-2015.

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Comparatively sero-positive goats were more in the selected villages in Jessore district as compared to the villages of Manikgonj district. This indicated that either PPR virus circulation was more in Jessore district than that of Manikgonj or farmer hided vaccination records. It was also reflected that locally produced PPR vaccine confered sufficient herd immunity until the study period.

Knowledge Management: Report/Proceedings