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Effect of Pre-sowing Treatment on Seed Germination and Seedlings Growth Attributes of Sapindus Mukorossi Gaertn. - an Important Medicinal Plants in Bangladesh

M. Rafiqul Haider
Research Officer
Bangladesh Forest Research Institute (BFRI), Chittagong-4000, Bangladesh

Md. Sah Alam
Bangladesh Forest Research Institute (BFRI), Chittagong-4000, Bangladesh

Anita Rany Shutrodhar
Bangladesh Forest Research Institute (BFRI), Chittagong-4000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Germination behavior of Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. under six different pre-sowing treatments and seedling growth performance in nursery and field conditions were investigated. The treatments were i) soaked in hot water (1000C) for 10 second, ii) soaked in cold water for 12 hours, iii) soaked in cold water for 24 hours, iv) soaked in cold water for 36 hours, v) seeds scratched on the cemented floor and vi) control. Growth performances were determined by transferring the young seedling having 4-6 leaves at the age of 25-30 days, from germination bed to polybag filled with soil-cow dung mixture and followed by outplanting in the field at one year age. Germination percentage was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) enhance by pre-sowing treatment in hot water (1000C) for 10 seconds in comparison to other treatments. The survival percentage of seedling was highest (89%) in the field after one year at 2.0 m x 2.0 m spacing and average height was 94.32 cm after 2 years of outplanting. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds in hot water (100^oC) for 10 second for nursery raising and one year old seedlings for outplanting at 2.0 m x 2.0 m spacing in the field were found suitable for successful plantation for the species.

Keywords: Pre-sowing treatment, Germination behavior, Survival percentage,Growth performance

Location:

Start Date: 00-07-2011

End Date: 00-07-2014

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Medicinal Plants

Objectives:

To investigate Germination behavior of Sapindus mukorossi (Gaertn) under six different pre-sowing treatments and seedling growth performance in nursery and field conditions

Methodology:

Study area: The study was carried out in the nursery of Bangladesh Forest Research Institute (BFRI), Chittagong, Bangladesh over a period of three years from July 2011 to July 2014. Geographic position of the study area is situated between 22^o22.27″ and 22^o29.0″ North latitude and 91^o 46.30″ and 91^o 46.30″ East longitudes. The climate of the study area is tropical in nature and characterized by hot humid summer and cool dry winter. The maximum and minimum temperature in the area varies from 28.3-31.9^oC and from 15.2-25.2^oC. Mean annual rainfall is around 3000 mm mainly occurred from June-September.Seed collection and growing media: The seeds were collected from 15-20 years old mature healthy trees from BCSIR Laboratories, Chittagong in July. After de pulping seeds were dried in the sunlight for 1-2 days and healthy dried seeds were used for the experiment. The number of seeds per kilogram was 140-150. The germination trial was carried out by sowing seeds in germination trays filled up with soil mixed with decomposed cow dung at the proportion of 3:1 by volume. Seeds were sown in the tray at the depth of 0.5-1.0 cm. Experimental Design and pre-sowing treatments: Experiment was conducted in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. To determine the effect of pre-sowing treatment on seed germination and seedling growth attributes, six different treatments were applied. The treatments were i) Soaked in hot water (1000C) for 10 second, ii) Soaked in cold water for 12 hours, iii) Soaked in cold water for 24 hours, iv) Soaked in cold water for 36 hours, v) Seeds scratched on the cemented floor and vi) Control (seeds were sown without any treatment). In each replication 30 seeds were sown and total of 540 seeds were used for the germination trial. The trays were kept under nursery shade for three days and then exposed to partial sunlight. Watering was carried out through hand spray when necessary. Assessment of seed germination and initial growth performance of seedlings: The effects of pre-sowing treatments on germination of seeds and seedling growth were explored periodically through counting the germinated seeds and assessing initial growth performance of seedlings. Cumulative germination was recorded after three days intervals of sowing and continued up to ending the germination (101 days after sowing the seeds). Germination phase like imbibition period was determined by counting the number of days required for the commencement of germination from the day of sowing and germination period was the number of days required for completion of germination from sowing the seeds. For assessing the growth performance, all seedlings were measured for above ground height and number of leaves was counted at the age of one month. Ten seedlings from each replicate, thus 30 seedlings from each treatment were randomly uprooted and measured for total length (root length and shoot length separately) for the assessment. Seedling vigor index was calculated according to the germination percent multiplied by total length of seedling (i.e. sum of shoot and root length).Assessment of seedling growth performance in the nursery and the field: To determine the seedlings growth performance in the nursery and the field, healthy seeds were first sown in the nursery bed with soaked in hot water for 10 second. When the seedlings were about 25-30 days old (with 4-6 leaves), they were transferred to the polybags (23 cm x 15 cm in size) filled with soil mixed with cow dung (3:1). The polybags were kept under full shade for one week and then placed under direct sunlight and allowed them to grow there. When the seedlings were about one year old, 225 seedlings were out planted in the field at the beginning of the monsoon (June-July). Equal number of seedlings (225), were allowed to grow in the nursery for one year more. Data on shoot length, root length and leaf number of these seedlings were also recorded at three months, six months, twelve months and twenty four months after transferring them in polybags. Seedlings in the field were planted at 1.5 m × 1.5 m, 2.0 m × 2.0 m and 2.5 m × 2.5 m spacing at Hinguli Research Station, Chittagong, Bangladesh. 25 seedlings were planted in each replication, thus in 3 replications total 75 seedlings were planted for each treatment. The soil was sandy-loam with a pH 5.7-6.0. Average rainfall of the area was about 3200 mm and average maximum and minimum temperature was 34.7°C and 20.7°C respectively. Weeding was done at every four months in first year and at every six months in second year in the field. Survival percentage of the planted seedling in the field was determined one year after planting and height of each plant were recorded at six months, twelve months and twenty four months after planting. Data analysis: Data were analyzed with computer software Microsoft XL to determine the significant (p≤0.05) variations among the treatments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) were carried out to analyze the data.

Source of Information: J. Biosci. Agric. Res. 06(02): 570-577 (2016)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Government

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Maximum germination and highest initial growth performance was perceived in seeds treated with hot water (100^oC) for 10 seconds which was much higher than other treatments. Pricking of the seedlings at 25-30 days after germination from nursery bed to polybag ensures minimum mortality. Survival of the seedlings (89%) and growth performance of the seedlings in the field was satisfactory after out planting one year old seedlings at 2.0 m x 2.0 m spacing. Therefore, pre-sowing treatment of seeds with hot water (100^oC) for 10 seconds is suitable for seedling raising in the nursery and one year old seedlings at 2.0 m x 2.0 m spacing may be suggested for plantation program.

Knowledge Management: Journal