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Effects of Arsenic Alone and in Combination with Selenium, Iron and Zinc on Clinical Signs, Body Weight and Haematobiochemical Parameters in Long Evans Rats

M. N. Islam
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. A. Awal
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. M. Rahman
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. S. Islam
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M. Mostofa
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The effects of selenium, iron and zinc supplementation along with arsenic on clinical signs, body weight and haematobiochemical parameters were studied in 25 mature male long Evans rats (Ratus norvegicus) of one month old during the period from August to October 2003. These 25 rats were randomly divided into five equal groups (A, B, C, D and E) of which rats of group A received normal feed and water and rats of group B were given arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) @ 400 mg / liter plus sodium selenite (NaSe) @ 1 mg / liter; rats of group C were given As₂O₃ @ 400 mg / liter plus ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄) @ 150 mg / liter; rats of group D were given As₂O₃ @ 400 mg / liter plus zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄) @ 50 mg / liter and rats of group E were given only As₂O₃ @ 400 mg / liter drinking water daily for 42 days. All the rats of groups B, C and D showed very mild toxic signs, i.e., excitement, restlessness, anorexia, ruffled hair coat, salivation and mild skin lesion on tail region. Rats of group E (only As₂O₃) showed various toxic signs like excitement, restlessness, anorexia, ruffled hair coat, salivation, muscle tremor, ataxia, incoordination and posterior paralysis. All the toxic signs observed in group E were more severe and skin lesions were found in all parts of the body especially on tail region . Rats of group E showed highly significant (p <0.01) decrease in body weight, total erythrocyte count, Hb content and packed cell volume (PCV). On the other hand highly significant (p <0.01) increase of ESR values were recorded in group E. Biochemical examination revealed that the activities of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) were significantly (p <0.01) elevated in all the treated groups than that of control. But in the rats which were treated only with arsenic trioxide, the elevation of SGPT and SGOT were much higher than other treated groups. It may be concluded that the combined administration of NaSe, FeSO₄ or ZnSO₄ along with As₂O₃ were found to be less toxic than administration of As₂O₃ alone because selenium, iron, and zinc have protective effects against some toxic effects of arsenic.

Keywords: Arsenic, Selenium, Iron, Zinc, Haematological parameters, Rats

Location: Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.

Start Date: 00-08-2003

End Date: 00-10-2003

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Rats

Objectives:

To determine the effects of feeding arsenic trioxide and in combination with selenium, iron and zinc in rats by observing toxic signs, body weight and haematobiochemical parameters.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out in the Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from August to October 2003. A total of 25 one-month-old male Long Evans rats were used in this experiment. All the rats were kept under close observation in order to acclimatize to the new environment for a period of one week. All the rats maintained on good housing conditions and were provided with normal feed and water. After acclimatization they were randomly divided into 5 equal groups, each consisting of five rats and were marked as group A, B, C, D and E. Among 5 groups, one group of rats (group A) was kept as control fed with normal feed and water while the remaining groups were received arsenic trioxide @ 400 mg / liter drinking water daily for 42 days. In addition, groups B, C and D were treated with sodium selenite @ 1 mg / liter, ferrous sulfate @ 150 mg / liter and zinc sulfate @ 50 mg / liter drinking water respectively daily for 42 days and observed carefully for appearance of toxic signs. Body weight of the control and treated rats were taken before commencement of treatment and then weekly during 42 days of feeding. Blood samples were collected from the tail vein of all the groups in screw capped vial with and without anticoagulant at day 0 and day 42 for haematological and biochemical studies respectively. The haematological parameters were determined as per method. The biochemical parameters were performed by UV method using IFCC (International Federation of Clinical Chemistry) used Humalyzer 2002 (Human type, Germany). Data were analyzed statistically by Student’s ‘t’ test.

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2005), 3 (1): 75–77.

Article Link (Online Journal): http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v3i1.11390

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Biochemical examination revealed that the activities of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) were significantly (p <0.01) elevated in all the treated groups than that of control. But in the rats which were treated only with arsenic trioxide, the elevation of SGPT and SGOT were much higher than other treated groups. The present findings could not be compared with the findings of other workers due to lack of available literature on biochemical parameters. It may be concluded that arsenic is highly toxic both for man and laboratory animals and some cheap chemicals like selenium, iron and zinc supplementation may be helpful in reducing arsenic toxicity.

Knowledge Management: Journal