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Causes of Salinity Intrusion in Coastal Belt of Bangladesh

Md. Mahmuduzzaman*
Community Climate Change Project, Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation (PKSF), Agargaon, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Zahir Uddin Ahmed
Community Climate Change Project, Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation (PKSF), Agargaon, Dhaka, Bangladesh

A. K. M. Nuruzzaman
Community Climate Change Project, Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation (PKSF), Agargaon, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Fazle Rabbi Sadeque Ahmed
Community Climate Change Project, Palli Karma-Sahayak Foundation (PKSF), Agargaon, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

As Bangladesh belongs to one of the seaside countries, the adverse impact of saltwater intrusion is significant here. Salinity mainly affects land and water in the coastal areas. With the consequence of climate change, it gradually extends towards inland water and soil. This scenario of gradual salinity intrusion in the coastal area of Bangladesh is very threatening to the primary production system, coastal biodiversity and human health. The total amount of salinity affected land in Bangladesh was 83.3 million hectares in 1973, which had been increased up to 102 million hectares in 2000 and the amount has raised to 105.6 million hectares in 2009 and continuing to increase (Soil Resources Development Institute (SRDI), 2010). In the last 35 years, salinity had been increased around 26 percent in this country. Salinity intrusion is spreading into the non-coastal areas as well. Recently, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)’s Seed Study, funded by USAID, has identified 12 districts of Bangladesh as salinity affected area through GIS mapping. This paper analyzes the cause of salinity intrusion in the coastal belt of Bangladesh such as: critical geographical location of the country, low flow condition of the river by a barrage in the upstream neighboring country, faulty management of coastal polders, sea level rise, cyclone and storm surge, back water effect, precipitation and shrimp culture. This paper also helps the decision makers and planners in sustainable social, agricultural, environmental and other water resources management plan for the coastal region of Bangladesh.

Keywords: Salinity, Intrusion, Coastal belt etc

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Soil salinity

Objectives:

Objective of this study was to determine the causes of salinity intrusion in coastal belt of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

This paper is based on available secondary sources on the cause of salinity intrusion on the coastal belt of Bangladesh. The study included the collection of information on various factors of salinity intrusion, particularly in the coastal region of Bangladesh. The resources are collected from online publication, books, government reports, international reports, scientific journals, and news articles, socioeconomic and statistical data used from the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistic (BBS).

It also discussed on- A. Causes of Salinity Intrusion:1. Natural Systems, Critical Geographical Location of the Country, . Cyclone and Storm Surge, Sedimentation, Sea Level Rise, Tidal Flooding, Back Water Effect, Changes in Ground Water Flow. 2.Socioeconomic Systems, Continuous Shrimp Cultivation in Agricultural Land, Weak Structure and Poor Maintenance, Anthropogenic Climate Change Induced Factors. 3. Political Systems, Weak Water Governance Systems at Local Level, Cross Boundary River Policy, Lack of Capacity of Local Government, Structural Intervention in Upstream Neighboring Country and 4. Conclusions.

Source of Information: International Journal of Plant Research, 2014; 4(4A): 8-13, p-ISSN: 2163-2596 e-ISSN: 2163-260X doi:10.5923/s.plant.201401.02

Article Link (Online Journal): http://article.sapub.org/10.5923.s.plant.201401.02.html

Funding Source:

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Achievement/Findings:

As yield of crop production had been reduced due to salinity, the cost of production had gradually increased. In addition to this enormous financial cost of production, there are other serious impacts of salinity on infrastructure, water supplies, on soil structure and stability of communities. It is more disastrous for a low lying country like Bangladesh. But none can ignore the causes and effects of salinity which may occur in any country and any time. In Bangladesh salinity intrusion is a time varying event and minimum during the monsoon (June-October) by push back of the rivers discharge at the salinity front in estuarine and floodplains. Maximum salinity levels occur during March-April. The increase of salinity intrusion and decrease of arability will be prevailing due to climate change effectively and reducing of flood plain. In this situation management of salinity intrusion is the vital issue for Bangladesh. With the mission of saline water proofing by structural management like coastal embankment projects, dam, sluices and coastal area zoning as non-structural management to change the land use and other activities can be the vision of sustainable livelihood and environment of Bangladesh. Further study to formulate the optimistic model for proper management by different option scenarios is essentially needed.

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